Hyperleptinemia, Adiposity, and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Older Adults
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of men by serum leptin quintile1.
Serum leptin quintile
1
2
3
4
5
Men ( (%))
110 (19.9)
110 (19.9)
111 (20.1)
110 (19.9)
111 (20.1)
Mean serum leptin (ng/mL)3
2.14 (±0.05)
3.78 (±0.05)2
5.61 (±0.06)2
8.13 (±0.09)2
15.81 (±0.75)2
Demographic and behavioral variables
Age (years)3
75.4 (±0.29)
75.1 (±0.25)
74.9 (±0.29)
75.1 (±0.28)
75.2 (±0.28)
Race (% white)
68
70
74
65
61
Alcohol use (% any consumption)
65
69
63
58
61
Education (% completed high school)
74
79
75
76
81
Smoking (lifetime pack-years)3
18.87 (±2.41)
19.1 (±2.44)
23.9 (±3.05)
20.9 (±3.15)
22.87 (±2.91)2
Physical activity (kcal/kg/week)3
10.2 (±1.87)
12.89 (±2.69)
8.08 (±1.48)
9.97 (±2.10)
8.55 (±1.43)
Dietary and anthropometric variables
Total calorie intake (kcal)4
2197 (±90.4)
1966 (±79.4)
2055 (±75.7)
2014 (±78.2)
2124 (±96.1)
BMI (kg/m2)3
23.76 (±0.22)
25.16 (±0.20)2
26.15 (±0.25)2
27.44 (±0.27)2
29.11 (±0.38)2
Total body fat (%)3
24.4 (±0.26)
27.5 (±0.30)2
28.82 (±0.27)2
31.05 (±0.32)2
32.86 (±0.42)2
Abdominal circumference (cm)3
91.29 (±0.67)
95.26 (±0.59)
98.3 (±0.69)2
101.9 (±0.67)2
105.32 (±0.94)2
Abdominal visceral fat (cm2)3
103.2 (±3.9)
123.9 (±4.4)2
140.6 (±4.5)2
154.57 (±5.5)2
183.98 (±7.5)2
Abdominal subcutaneous fat (cm2)3
149 (±4.21)
190 (±4.1)2
213.61 (±5.4)2
248.8 (±6.7)2
276.91 (±7.9)2
Clinical and biochemical variables
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)3
71.9 (±1.23)
71.8 (±1.07)
71.97 (±1.25)
74.2 (±1.09)
74.1 (±1.24)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)3
132 (±1.81)
133 (±2.19)
133.2 (±1.9)
135.8 (±2.03)
132.1 (±2.29)
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)3
95.4 (±2.63)
97 (±2.58)
99.02 (±2.5)
97.4 (±1.92)2
99.6 (±1.7)2
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)3
52.2 (±1.24)
50.6 (±1.2)
48.3 (±1.1)
48.5 (±1.1)
50.2 (±0.98)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)3
104.5 (±4.1)
102.6 (±3.97)
115.3 (±4.3)
114.4 (±5.1)
116.2 (±4.2)
C-reactive protein (g/mL)3
1.74 (±0.23)
2.03 (±0.3)
1.94 (±0.23)
2.26 (±0.24)2
2.07 (±0.16)2
PAI-1 (ng/mL)3
17.93 (±1.55)
17.9 (±1.25)
24.6 (±1.8)
22.29 (±1.5)2
29.8 (±2.0)2
IL-6 (pg/mL)3
1.98 (±0.17)
2.08 (±0.14)
2.14 (±0.18)
2.15 (±0.15)2
2.01 (±0.12)
TNF-alpha (pg/mL)3
2.98 (±0.10)
3.05 (±0.12)
3.45 (±0.30)
3.37 (±0.13)
3.36 (±0.17)2
Means (±SEM) are provided in the table unless specified.
2Significantly different from leptin quintile 1 (Dunnett’s test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables).
3Values from baseline of the Health ABC study.
4Values from year 2 of the Health ABC study.
