Research Article
The Intake of Energy and Selected Nutrients by Thai Urban Sedentary Workers: An Evaluation of Adherence to Dietary Recommendations
Table 2
Sociodemographic and anthropometric profile of participants.
| | Characteristics | All () | Men () | Women ( ) | | Number (percentage) | Number (percentage) | Number (percentage) |
| | (1) Age in years | | | | | 20–29 | 49 (22.8) | 18 (24.0) | 31 (22.1) | | 30–39 | 75 (34.9) | 21 (28.0) | 54 (38.6) | | ≥40 | 91 (42.3) | 36 (48.0) | 55 (39.3) | | (2) Marital status | | | | | Single | 114 (53.3) | 40 (53.3) | 75 (53.6) | | Married | 93 (43.4) | 34 (45.3) | 59 (42.1) | | Divorced/widowed/separated | 7 (3.3) | 1 (1.4) | 6 (4.3) | | (3) Educational level | | | | | Diploma | 30 (14.0) | 14 (18.7) | 16 (11.4) | | Bachelor degree | 122 (56.7) | 43 (57.3) | 79 (56.4) | | Master degree or higher | 63 (29.3) | 18 (24.0) | 45 (32.2) | | (4) Monthly income (baht) | | | | | Less than 20,000 | 77 (35.8) | 20 (26.7) | 57 (40.7) | | 20,000–29,999 | 61 (28.4) | 23 (30.7) | 38 (27.1) | | 30,000–39,000 | 33 (15.3) | 8 (10.6) | 25 (17.9) | | ≥40,000 | 44 (20.5) | 24 (32.0) | 20 (14.3) | | (5) Smoking | | | | | Never smokers | 194 (90.2) | 55 (73.3) | 139 (99.3) | | Former smokers | 7 (3.3) | 6 (8.0) | 1 (0.7) | | Current smokers | 14 (6.5) | 14 (18.7) | 0 (0.0) | | Occasional smokers | 14 (100.0) | 14 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | | (6) Alcohol users | | | | | Lifetime abstainers | 60 (27.9) | 13 (17.3) | 47 (33.6) | | Former drinkers | 40 (18.6) | 11 (14.7) | 29 (20.7) | | Current alcohol users | 115 (53.5) | 51 (68.0) | 64 (45.7) | | Occasional drinkers | 115 (100.0) | 51 (100.0) | 64 (100.0) | | (7) Nutritional status classification | | | | | Body mass index (BMI) | | | | | Underweight | 21 (9.8) | 0 (0.0) | 21 (15.0) | | Normal weight | 96 (44.6) | 27 (36.0) | 69 (49.3) | | Overweight/obesea | 98 (45.6) | 48 (64.0) | 50 (35.7) | | Percent body fat (%BF) | | | | | Normal range | 104 (74.3) | 37 (49.3) | 104 (74.3) | | High rangeb | 36 (25.7) | 38 (50.7) | 36 (25.7) | | Waist circumference (WC) | | | | | Normal waist | 140 (65.1) | 48 (64.0) | 92 (65.7) | | Abdominal obesityc | 75 (34.9) | 27 (36.0) | 48 (34.3) | | (8) Sitting time at work (hour/day) | | | | | Mean ± SD | 6.0 ± 1.1 | 5.7 ± 1.1 | 6.1 ± 1.1 | | (9) Leisure time energy expenditure (kcal/day) | | | | | Mean ± SD | 124.9 ± 119.8 | 157.4 ± 138.6 | 107.5 ± 104.8 | | (10) Basal metabolic rate (BMR) (kcal) | | | | | Mean ± SD | 1,323.8 ± 207.2 | 1,552.1 ± 143.0 | 1,201.5 ± 111.5 | | (11) Total energy intake: basal metabolic rate (EI: BMR) | | | | | Mean ± SD | 1.1 ± 0.2 | 1.0 ± 0.2 | 1.2 ± 0.2 |
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Overweight/obese: BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 (Asian definition).
bHigh range: males of ages 20–29 > 20%, ages 30–50 > 25%; females of ages 20–29 > 24%, ages 30–50 > 35%.
cAbdominal obesity: males ≥ 90 cm; females ≥ 80 cm (Asian definition).
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