The Intake of Energy and Selected Nutrients by Thai Urban Sedentary Workers: An Evaluation of Adherence to Dietary Recommendations
Table 4
Energy and nutrient intakes of male participants classified by nutritional status.
Variables
BMI < 23 kg/m2 ()
BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2 ()
Median (IQR)
%DRI
Adherent (%)
Nonadherent; (%)
Median (IQR)
%DRI
Adherent (%)
Nonadherent; n (%)
Insufficient (%)
Excessive (%)
Insufficient (%)
Excessive (%)
Energy (kcal)
1,496 (306)
71.2
12 (44.4)
15 (55.6)
0 (0.0)
1,536 (306)
71.5
22 (45.8)
26 (54.2)
0 (0.0)
Carbohydrate (g)
197 (50)
a
NA
NA
NA
NA
217 (50)
a
NA
NA
NA
NA
Protein (g)
60 (17)
106.1
21 (77.8)
0 (0.0)
6 (22.2)
61 (17)
107.8
36 (75.0)
0 (0.0)
12 (25.0)
Animal protein (g)
29.6 (12.9)
NA
NA
NA
NA
29.4 (11.6)
NA
NA
NA
NA
Fat (g)
52 (15)
NA
NA
NA
NA
51 (15)
NA
NA
NA
NA
Carbohydrate (energy percentage)
52.3 (8.6)
NA
22 (81.5)
3 (11.1)
2 (7.4)
55.0 (7.9)
NA
45 (93.7)
1 (2.1)
2 (4.2)
Protein (energy percentage)
16.4 (4.1)
NA
11 (40.7)
0 (0.0)
16 (59.3)
15.8 (3.2)
NA
18 (37.5)
0 (0.0)
30 (62.5)
Fat (energy percentage)
30.3 (8.7)
NA
21 (77.8)
1 (3.7)
5 (18.5)
29.2 (6.3)
NA
39 (81.2)
2 (4.2)
7 (14.6)
Dietary fiber (g)
6.9 (3.3)
27.6
0 (0.0)
27 (100.0)
0 (0.0)
8.6 (4.4)
34.4
0 (0.0)
48 (100.0)
0 (0.0)
Calcium (mg)
498.6 (226.4)
62.3
6 (22.2)
21 (77.8)
0 (0.0)
492.3 (302.8)
60.9
12 (25.0)
36 (75.0)
0 (0.0)
Phosphorus (mg)
615.2 (224.2)
87.9
13 (48.1)
10 (37.0)
4 (14.8)
707.8 (179.5)
101.1
34 (70.8)
8 (16.7)
6 (12.5)
Sodium (mg)
2,159 (908)
141.4
19 (70.4)
0 (0.0)
8 (29.6)
1,842 (1,117)
129.5
35 (72.9)
0 (0.0)
13 (27.1)
Potassium (mg)
1,150 (543)
46.9
0 (0.0)
27 (100.0)
0 (0.0)
1,264 (521)
51.6
0 (0.0)
48 (100.0)
0 (0.0)
Iron (mg)
8.7 (5.5)
85.9
9 (33.3)
12 (44.4)
6 (22.2)
10.3 (4.6)
97.4
23 (49.9)
13 (27.1)
12 (25.0)
Vitamin A (µg)
346 (445.2)
50.1
4 (14.8)
18 (66.7)
5 (18.5)
316 (712.4)
47.9
4 (8.3)
32 (66.7)
12 (25.0)
Vitamin E (mg)
0.04 (0.3)
0.05
0 (0.0)
27 (100.0)
0 (0.0)
0.06 (0.4)
0.32
0 (0.0)
48 (100.0)
0 (0.0)
Vitamin B1 (mg)
0.8 (0.5)
67.2
9 (33.3)
18 (66.7)
0 (0.0)
0.9 (0.6)
76.1
15 (31.2)
27 (56.3)
6 (12.5)
Vitamin B2 (mg)
1.2 (0.9)
93.7
9 (33.3)
9 (33.3)
9 (33.3)
1.3 (0.8)
96.9
17 (35.4)
17 (35.4)
14 (29.2)
Niacin (mg)
12.9 (4.2)
81.3
12 (44.4)
13 (48.2)
2 (7.4)
14.2 (4.7)
87.7
29 (60.4)
17 (35.4)
2 (4.2)
Vitamin C (mg)
59.6 (111.9)
66.2
12 (44.4)
15 (55.6)
0 (0.0)
65.0 (98.8)
71.8
22 (45.8)
26 (54.2)
0 (0.0)
Magnesium (mg)
13.9 (12.1)
4.5
0 (0.0)
27 (100.0)
0 (0.0)
21.7 (23.5)
6.7
0 (0.0)
48 (100.0)
0 (0.0)
Selenium (µg)
0.2 (1.3)
0.5
0 (0.0)
27 (100.0)
0 (0.0)
0.4 (0.9)
0.7
0 (0.0)
48 (100.0)
0 (0.0)
Zinc (mg)
1.8 (0.9)
14.3
0 (0.0)
27 (100.0)
0 (0.0)
2.2 (1.1)
16.9
0 (0.0)
48 (100.0)
0 (0.0)
values are for differences in median dietary intakes between nutritional status groups (Mann-Whitney test); significant differences shown in bold at value < 0.05.
