Research Article
Effect of a Mediterranean Diet Intervention on Dietary Glycemic Load and Dietary Glycemic Index: The PREDIMED Study
Table 1
Baseline characteristics of participants according to the intervention group in the PREDIMED studya.
| | | Control diet | Mediterranean diet with EVOO | Mediterranean diet with nuts | | | | | | |
| | Sex (%) | | | | | | Female | 64.1 | 62.4 | 60.2 | 0.229 | | Age (years) | 67.2 (6.1) | 66.5 (6.0) | 66.5 (5.9) | 0.020 | | BMI (kg/m2) | 30.1 (3.7) | 30.0 (3.6) | 29.7 (3.6) | 0.090 | | Physical activity (METS/d) | 209.5 (218.8) | 233.4 (216.4) | 243.7 (231.6) | 0.004 | | Smoking (%) | | | | | | Never | 61.6 | 62.5 | 63.5 | 0.930 | | Past | 23.2 | 22.5 | 21.6 | | Current | 15.2 | 15.0 | 14.9 | | Score of adherence to MeDiet | 8.5 (1.9) | 8.9 (1.9) | 8.9 (1.9) | <0.001 | | Energy intake (kcal/d) | 2201 (527) | 2317 (532) | 2312 (514) | <0.001 | | Carbohydrates (g/d)b | 247.4 (40.1) | 245.5 (41.1) | 241.0 (39.5) | 0.002 | | Protein intake (g/d)b | 90.3 (12.7) | 91.5 (13.9) | 91.3 (13.4) | 0.160 | | Total fat intake (g/d)b | 96.6 (16.7) | 97.1 (17.1) | 98.1 (15.9) | 0.160 | | Monounsaturated fat | 48.0 (11.3) | 48.7 (10.9) | 48.8 (10.3) | 0.220 | | Polyunsaturated fat | 15.5 (4.8) | 15.2 (4.8) | 16.0 (5.2) | 0.002 | | Saturated fat | 24.5 (5.8) | 24.4 (5.9) | 24.7 (5.5) | 0.530 | | Alcohol intake (g/d)b | 8.0 (13.5) | 9.0 (14.5) | 10.3 (16.0) | 0.004 | | Fiber intake (g/d)b | 25.4 (7.8) | 25.8 (8.2) | 25.7 (7.5) | 0.620 | | Dietary GLb | 119.6 (23.8) | 118.9 (25.1) | 115.8 (23.3) | 0.001 | | Dietary GIb | 57.7 (4.8) | 57.6 (4.8) | 57.3 (4.5) | 0.160 |
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Continuous variables are showed as means (SD) and categorical variables are expressed as percentages.
Energy adjusted by residuals method.
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