Maternal Fructose Intake Induces Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in Male, but Not Female, Offspring
Table 1
Body weight and plasma analytes in fed 90-day-old progeny from fructose- or glucose-supplemented mothers.
Male
Control
Fructose
Glucose
Body weight (g)
423.7 ± 12.3
403.4 ± 12.8
384.7 ± 21.3
Glucose (mg/dL)
133.4 ± 4.3
128.7 ± 3.2
138.0 ± 1.0
Insulin (g/L)
0.53 ± 0.05
0.62 ± 0.06
0.47 ± 0.08
Glucose/insulin ratio
10.4 ± 0.4
8.1 ± 0.9
11.9 ± 1.4
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
95.6 ± 8.0
99.9 ± 2.2
82.5 ± 5.7
NEFA (mM)
0.45 ± 0.10
0.56 ± 0.15
0.46 ± 0.07
Glycerol (mg/dL)
2.87 ± 0.29
3.18 ± 0.22
2.55 ± 0.18
Adiponectin (g/mL)
18.9 ± 1.1a
24.3 ± 0.9b
25.1 ± 1.8b
Leptin (ng/mL)
6.35 ± 0.57a
11.20 ± 1.44b
7.08 ± 0.92a
Female
Control
Fructose
Glucose
Body weight (g)
260.4 ± 9.6
258.7 ± 6.4
253.7 ± 4.2
Glucose (mg/dL)
139.3 ± 7.0
134.1 ± 2.8
142.7 ± 1.8
Insulin (g/L)
0.54 ± 0.05
0.49 ± 0.07
0.40 ± 0.05
Glucose/insulin ratio
10.7 ± 1.9
10.0 ± 0.7
14.7 ± 1.0
Triglycerides (mg/dL)
57.2 ± 2.9a
55.9 ± 8.1a
32.0 ± 4.3b
NEFA (mM)
0.48 ± 0.09
0.50 ± 0.09
0.37 ± 0.04
Glycerol (mg/dL)
2.81 ± 0.21
2.68 ± 0.29
2.10 ± 0.14
Adiponectin (g/mL)
43.9 ± 4.0
48.7 ± 3.5
46.7 ± 3.8
Leptin (ng/mL)
5.27 ± 0.50
4.61 ± 0.24
4.41 ± 0.17
Data are means ± SE; = 10–12 animals from four litters. Where two or three pups from one litter were studied, their data were averaged. Different letters indicate significant differences between the groups ().
