Effects of a Multispecies Probiotic Mixture on Glycemic Control and Inflammatory Status in Women with Gestational Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Table 3
Characteristics of patients who received probiotic or placebo, at baseline and after 8 weeks from diagnostic oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
Probiotic group ()
Control group ()
value
First week
Eighth week
Change
First week
Eighth week
Change
Weight in pregnancy (kg)
73.2 ± 7.8
75.7 ± 8.3
2.5 ± 0.3
73.5 ± 9.6
76.2 ± 9.8
2.7 ± 0.4
0.21
FPG (mg/dL)
91.6 ± 4.3
89.3 ± 3.4
−2.3 ± 4.1
93.7 ± 3.1
88.9 ± 4.4
−4.8 ± 3.6
0.42
Insulin (IU/mL)
19.1 ± 4.2
16.6 ± 5.9
−2.5 ± 5.1
18.7 ± 5.8
22.3 ± 4.9
3.6 ± 5.5
0.04
HOMA-IR
4.3 ± 1.2
3.7 ± 1.5
−0.6 ± 1.4
4.4 ± 1.3
4.9 ± 1.2
0.5 ± 1.2
0.03
HbA1c (%)
4.8 ± 0.6
4.7 ± 0.5
−0.1 ± 0.2
4.60 ± 0.1
4.68 ± 0.3
0.08 ± 0.2
0.44
hs-CRP (ng/mL)
5723.4 ± 1832.0
4927.4 ± 924.6
−796.0 ± 1087.2
5021.2 ± 1301.1
5996.5 ± 1118.8
975.3 ± 1121.2
0.03
IL-10 (pg/mL)
2.37 ± 4.6
3.11 ± 5.7
0.74 ± 4.4
3.78 ± 6.3
3.38 ± 5.8
−0.4 ± 5.1
0.54
IFN-c
16.84 ± 14.9
19.21 ± 16.6
2.37 ± 14.2
18.34 ± 13.4
21.11 ± 15.8
2.77 ± 11.8
0.67
IL-6 (pg/mL)
4.25 ± 0.9
3.81 ± 0.7
−0.44 ± 0.5
4.38 ± 0.64
4.71 ± 0.53
0.33 ± 0.42
0.04
TNF-α (pg/mL)
3.72 ± 1.0
3.10 ± 1.1
−0.62 ± 1.0
3.62 ± 1.2
4.07 ± 0.9
0.45 ± 0.8
0.04
All continuous variables are expressed as mean ± SD. Statistical significance (), obtained from independent samples -test, indicates between group differences. HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance. FPG, fasting plasma glucose. HbA1c, glycated Hb.
