Amino Acid Medical Foods Provide a High Dietary Acid Load and Increase Urinary Excretion of Renal Net Acid, Calcium, and Magnesium Compared with Glycomacropeptide Medical Foods in Phenylketonuria

Table 4

Plasma cytokine concentrations in participants with phenylketonuria consuming AA-MF compared to a general population.

Cytokine, pg/mL	Comparison group
	Phenylketonuria^1	General population^2
IL-1β	3.2 (2.5–3.4)	2.6 (0.8–3.9)	0.0085
IL-17	27 (14–35)	21.1 (6.5–38.5)	0.0411
TNF-α	40 (30–46)	35.3 (14.2–61.7)	0.0359
IL-12	8.2 (5.6–12.1)	15.8 (8.6–27.2)	<0.0001
IFN-γ	93 (78–110)	77.1 (48.4–127.6)	0.0002
IL-6	7.7 (6.2–9.3)	4.6 (1.1–10.8)	<0.0001
IL-10	10 (7.2–15)	4.3 (2.4–6.6)	<0.0001

¹Values are the median (25th–75th quartile), based on 3 determinations over 8–12 wks in participants with phenylketonuria consuming AA-MF (). Statistical analysis was performed using PROC UNIVARIATE to compare sample median values with the population median.
²Population median reference values based on male and female participants, [24]. AA-MF, amino acid medical foods.