Dietary Strategies and Novel Pharmaceutical Approaches Targeting Serum ApoA-I Metabolism: A Systematic Overview

Table 6

Effect of different nuts on fasting apoA-I concentrations.

First author, year	Food component/product	Study design and duration	Participants	Intake	Effects
Munoz et al. (2001) [98]	Walnuts versus Mediteranean cholesterol-lowering diet (similar macronutrient composition)	RCT crossover; 6 weeks	10 hypercholesterolemic men	41–56 g/day	(i) No differences in serum apoA-I concentrations
Rajaram et al. (2009) [99]	Walnut versus control diet	RCT crossover; 4 weeks	25 mildly hyperlipidemic subjects	42.5 g/day	(i) No differences in serum apoA-I concentrations
Aronis et al. (2012) [97]	Walnut versus control diet (similar macronutrient composition)	RCT crossover; 4 days	15 patients with metabolic syndrome	48 g/day	(i) 8.1% in serum apoA-I concentrations comparing walnut with control
Sabaté et al. (2003) [101]	Diet without versus low versus high in almonds	RCT crossover; 4 weeks	25 healthy subjects	0, 10, and 20 energy%	(i) No differences in serum apoA-I concentrations
Li et al. (2011) [100]	Almond versus NCEP^1 diet	RCT crossover; 12 weeks	20 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2	60 g/day	(i) No differences in plasma apoA-I concentrations
Mercanligil et al. (2007) [102]	Hazelnut versus low fat, low-cholesterol high-carbohydrate diet	Period 1 control and period 2 intervention; 4 weeks	15 hypercholesterolemic men	40 g/day	(i) No differences in plasma apoA-I concentrations
Tey et al. (2011) [103]	Ground versus sliced versus whole hazelnuts	RCT crossover; 4 weeks	48 mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects	30 g/day	(i) No differences in plasma apoA-I concentrations
Sheridan et al. (2007) [104]	Pistachio versus control diet (similar macronutrient composition)	RCT crossover; 4 weeks	15 mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects	56–85 g/day	(i) No differences in serum apoA-I concentrations

Percentages calculated from the mean values; NCEP: National Cholesterol Education Program step II.