|
| First author, year | Food component/product | Study design and duration | Participants | Intake | Effects |
|
| Gylling and Miettinen (1994) [105] | Sitostanol versus control margarine | RCT crossover
6 weeks | 11 hypercholesterolemic diabetic men | 3.0 g/day | (i) 4.3% in fasting serum apoA-I
(ii) No difference in apoA-I FCR |
|
| Temme et al. (2001) [106] | Plant sterols enriched versus nonplant sterol enriched margarine | RCT crossover
4 weeks | 42 mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects | 2.0 g/day | (i) No differences in serum apoA-I concentrations |
|
| Amundsen et al. (2002) [107] | Plant sterol esters versus control with similar fatty acid composition | RCT crossover
8 weeks | 38 children with familial hypercholesterolemia | 1.6 g/day | (i) No differences in plasma apoA-I concentrations |
|
| Chan et al. (2007) [108] | Olive oil versus sunflower oil with plant sterols versus olive oil with plant sterols margarine | RCT crossover
4 weeks | 21 moderately overweight, hypercholesterolemic subject | 70% of total fat in the diet
1.7 g plant sterols/day | (i) 0.8% in fasting plasma apoA-I concentrations comparing olive oil with plant sterols with olive oil alone or sunflower oil with plant |
|
| Madsen et al. (2007) [109] | Plant sterols versus control with similar fatty acid composition | RCT crossover
4 weeks | 46 mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects | 2.3 g/day | (i) No differences in serum apoA-I concentrations |
|
| Ooi et al. (2007) [110] | Plant sterols enriched versus nonplant sterol enriched margarine and cereals | RCT crossover
4 weeks | 9 patients with the metabolic syndrome | 2.0 g/day | (i) No differences in plasma apoA-I concentrations
(ii) No effect on apoA-I PR
(iii) No effect on apoA-I FCR |
|
| Hernández-Mijares et al. (2010) [111] | Healthy diet (NCEP)1 versus healthy diet with plant sterols versus normal diet with plant sterols | RCT parallel
3 months | 84 mildly hypercholesterolemic subjects | 2.0 g/day | (i) 4.0% in serum apoA-I concentration comparing prudent diet with plant sterols with prudent diet alone or normal diet with plant |
|
| Söderholm et al. (2010) [112] | Rye bread with low versus high versus no plant sterols | RCT parallel
2 weeks | 68 healthy subjects | 2.0 versus 4.0 g/day | (i) No differences in serum apoA-I concentrations |
|
| Gagliardi et al. (2010) [113] | Plant sterol margarines versus no-trans-FA margarine versus butter | RCT parallel
5 weeks | 53 subjects with metabolic syndrome | 2.4 g/day | (i) No differences in plasma apoA-I concentrations |
|
| Sialvera et al. (2012) [114] | Yogurt beverage with versus without phytosterol | RCT parallel
2 months | 108 patients with the metabolic syndrome | 4.0 g/day | (i) No differences in plasma apoA-I concentrations |
|
