First author, year Food component/product Study design and duration Participants Intake Effect Bakhit et al. (1994) [115 ] Soybean protein with or without soybean fiber RCT crossover 21 hypercholesterolemic men 25 g/day (i) No differences in fasting plasma apoA-I concentrations Kurowska et al. (1997) [116 ] Soy protein versus milk protein RCT crossover 34 hypercholesterolemic subjects 2% of daily intake (i) No differences in fasting plasma apoA-I concentrations Nilausen and Meinertz (1998) [117 ] Soy protein versus casein (similar macronutrient composition) RCT crossover 9 healthy men 154 g/day (i) 10.7% Jenkins et al. (2000) [118 ] Soy incorporated into breakfast cereals versus no soy RCT crossover 25 hyperlipidemic subjects 36 g/day (i) No differences in fasting serum apoA-I concentrations Chen et al. (2006) [119 ] Soy protein versus milk protein RCT parallel 26 patients undergoing hypercholesterolaemic hemodialysis 30 g/day (i) No differences in fasting serum apoA-I concentrations McVeigh et al. (2006) [120 ] Soy protein varying in isoflavone content RCT crossover 35 healthy young men 1.64–61.7 mg isoflavone/day (i) No differences in fasting serum apoA-I concentrations Pipe et al. (2009) [121 ] Soy protein isolate versus milk protein isolate RCT crossover 29 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 80 g/day (i) No differences in fasting serum apoA-I concentrations Campbell et al. (2010) [122 ] Soy protein products versus casein products RCT parallel 62 moderately hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women 25 g/day (i) 8.5% Tabibi et al. (2010) [123 ] Soy protein versus no soy protein RCT parallel 40 peritoneal dialysis patients 28 g/day (i) No differences in fasting serum apoA-I concentrations Jenkins et al. (2002) [124 ] High versus low isoflavone soy protein RCT crossover 41 hyperlipidemic subjects Soy: 50–52 g/day; isoflavones: 73 versus 10 mg/day (i) No differences in fasting serum apoA-I concentrations Cicero et al. (2002) [125 ] Soy proteins supplemented with isolated β -sitosterol versus no soy protein RCT parallel 20 moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects 10 g/day (i) No differences in fasting plasma apoA-I concentrations Matthan et al. (2007) [126 ] Different sources of soy protein versus animal protein RCT crossover 28 hypercholesterolemic subjects 6.8–7.5 energy%/day (i) 2.0% Bakhtiary et al. (2012) [127 ] Soy protein versus soy nuts versus no soy RCT parallel 75 women with the metabolic syndrome 35 g/day (i) 18.8% Wangen et al. (2001) [128 ] No versus low versus high soy isoflavone RCT crossover 18 mildly hypercholesterolemic women 7.1, 65, 132 mg/day (i) No differences in fasting plasma apoA-I concentrations Santo et al. (2010) [129 ] Milk protein versus isoflavone-poor soy versus isoflavone-rich soy RCT crossover 30 healthy young men 25 g protein/day (i) No differences in fasting and postprandial plasma apoA-I concentrations
