First author, year Food component/product Study design and duration Participants Intake Effects Sacks et al. (1984) [130 ] Eggs versus no foods containing eggs RCT crossover 3 weeks 17 healthy subjects 400 kcal/day (i) No differences in fasting plasma apoA-I concentrations Luley et al. (1986) [131 ] Dried garlic versus control RCT crossover 6 weeks (i) 34 hyperlipidemic patients 3 × 198 mg/day (i) Both no differences in fasting serum apoA-I concentrations Luley et al. (1986) [131 ] Dried garlic versus control RCT crossover 6 weeks (i) 51 hyperlipidemic patients 3 × 450 mg/day (i) Both no differences in fasting serum apoA-I concentrations Hughes et al. (1994) [132 ] Beta-carotene versus wheat germ oil capsules RCT parallel 30 days 59 hyperlipidemic patients 36 healthy subjects 300 mg/day (i) No differences in fasting serum apoA-I concentrations Nanjee et al. (1996) [133 ] Glucosinolate free vegetable versus Brussels sprouts RCT parallel 3 weeks 10 healthy men 300 g/day (i) No differences in fasting plasma apoA-I concentrations Nanjee et al. (1996) [133 ] Eugenol versus placebo capsule RCT parallel 3 weeks 10 healthy men 150 mg/day (i) No differences in fasting plasma apoA-I concentrations Neil et al. (1996) [134 ] Dried garlic versus placebo powder RCT parallel 6 months 115 hypercholesterolemic subjects 900 mg/day (i) No differences in fasting serum apoA-I concentrations Itoh et al. (1997) [135 ] Magnesium versus placebo supplement RCT parallel 4 weeks 33 healthy subjects 411–548 mg/day (i) No differences in fasting serum apoA-I concentrations Guimarães et al. (2000) [136 ] Eggplant versus placebo powder RCT parallel 5 weeks 38 hypercholesterolemic subjects 12 g powder/day, corresponded with 100 g eggplant/day (i) No differences in fasting serum apoA-I concentrations Oosthuizen et al. (2000) [137 ] Dry beans versus no beans RCT crossover 4 weeks 22 hyperlipidemic patients 110 g/day (i) No differences in fasting serum apoA-I concentrations Gammon et al. (2012) [138 ] Healthy diet with versus without green kiwifruits RCT crossover 4 weeks 85 hypercholesterolemic men 2 kiwifruits/day (i) No differences in fasting serum apoA-I concentrations Mullan et al. (2016) [139 ] Polyphenols versus control RCT parallel 4 weeks 20 healthy overweight or obese subjects 250 ml (361 mg) polyphenols + 120 mg vitamin C (i) No differences in fasting plasma apoA-I concentrations Ohlsson et al. (2010) [140 ] Sphingolipids versus placebo RCT parallel 1 day 18 healthy men 40 g high fat meal 975 mg milk sphingolipids (i) No differences in postprandial plasma apoA-I concentrations Castilla et al. (2006) [141 ] Red grape juice versus no juice RCT parallel 2 weeks 26 hemodialysis patients 12 hemodialysis control patients 15 healthy subjects 100 ml/day (i) 13.2% in fasting plasma apoA-I concentrations comparing juice with no juice consumption in hemodialysis (ii) 63.2% in fasting plasma apoA-I concentrations comparing juice consumption in healthy subjects with no juice consumption in hemodialysis Roza et al. (2007) [142 ] Citrus flavonoids with tocotrienols versus placebo RCT parallel 12 weeks 120 hypercholesterolemic subjects 270 mg citrus flavonoids + 30 mg tocotrienols/day (i) 5.0% in fasting plasma apoA-I concentrations Salehpour et al. (2012) [143 ] Vitamin D3 versus control supplement RCT parallel 12 weeks 77 healthy overweight or obese subjects 25 mg/day (i) 9.2% in fasting serum apoA-I Heravifard et al. (2013) [144 ] Vitamin D versus calcium and vitamin D versus control RCT parallel 12 weeks 90 patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 150 mg calcium versus150 mg calcium and 500 IU vitamin D versus 250 mg calcium and 500 IU vitamin D (i) 18% in fasting serum apoA-I concentrations comparing vitamin D with (ii) 16% in fasting serum apoA-I concentrations comparing vitamin D with calcium with Neufingerl et al. (2013) [145 ] Theobromine versus placebo RCT parallel 4 weeks 152 healthy subjects 0, 150, 850, and 1000 mg/day (i) 7.6% in fasting serum apoA-I concentrations comparing 850 mg theobromine with Constans et al. (2015) [146 ] Orange juice versus control RCT crossover 4 weeks 25 male subjects with 2 CVD risk factors 3 × daily 200 ml (i) 6.2% in fasting plasma apoA-I concentrations comparing orange juice with Han et al. (2016) [147 ] Low versus high dose of grape pomace and omija fruit versus control RCT parallel 10 weeks 76 healthy overweight or obese subjects 342.5 versus 685.0 mg grape pomace/day and 57.5 versus 115.0 mg omija/day (i) 10% in fasting plasma apoA-I concentrations after the high dose compared with (ii) No difference in fasting plasma apoA-I concentrations after the low dose compared with control