Effects of Nutrient-Fortified Milk-Based Formula on the Nutritional Status and Psychomotor Skills of Preschool Children
Table 2
Baseline characteristics of subjects.
Variables
NIG-NO
NIG-UW
NIG-SU
FMG-NO
FMG-UW
FMG-SU
Mean
SEM
Mean
SEM
Mean
SEM
Mean
SEM
Mean
SEM
Mean
SEM
Age, years
48.0
3.13
48.0
3.13
48.0
3.13
51.0
3.54
53.0
3.83
52.0
3.61
Height, cm
100.53
1.38
98.33
1.27
94.45
1.28
99.17
1.40
95.08
1.01
91.85
1.34
Weight, kg
14.35
0.44
12.79
0.33
11.33
0.28
14.76
0.41
12.49
0.23
10.77
0.30
MUAC, cm
16.06
0.30
14.91
0.21
14.41
0.23
16.49
0.22
14.96
0.22
14.55
0.23
BMI, kg/m2
14.15
0.17
13.24
0.19
12.84
0.22
15.02
0.25
13.95
0.22
12.95
0.19
Weight for age
Normal (0 to −2 SD)
Underweight (<−2 to -3 SD)
Severely underweight (<−3 SD)
Dietary intake
Energy, kcal
1258
63
1049
51
998
58
1164
55
1069
56
1025
55
Protein, g
33.1
2.1
27.7
1.2
27.7
2.1
30.1
1.7
3.4
1.8
29.5
2.0
Iron, mg
10.83
1.46
7.85
0.94
7.77
1.57
11.77
2.62
8.71
1.01
6.93
0.59
Vitamin A, mcg RE
131
15
110
12
101
11
120
15
120
12
109
9
Calcium, mg
253
24
197
14
210
24
253
25
231
25
213
13
Thiamin, mg
1.27
0.24
0.95
0.17
0.89
0.22
1.43
0.44
0.90
0.18
0.69
0.10
Riboflavin, mg
0.88
0.14
0.6
0.10
0.58
0.14
0.93
0.26
0.68
0.09
0.57
0.08
Niacin, mg
10.62
1.27
8.46
0.80
7.81
1.31
11.59
2.33
9.16
0.87
7.97
0.64
Ascorbic acid, mg
31
6
19
4
17
7
36
9
24
4
34
6
Notes. NIG-NO: nonintervention group with normal weight based on WHO-CGS weight for age; -UW: nonintervention group who are underweight based on WHO-CGS weight for age; NIG-SU: nonintervention group who are severely underweight based on WHO-CGS weight for age; FMG-NO: fortified milk group with normal weight based on WHO-CGS weight for age; FMG-UW: fortified milk group who are underweight based on WHO-CGS weight for age; FMG-SU: fortified milk group who are severely underweight based on WHO-CGS weight for age.
