Prevalence of Sarcopenic Obesity in Adults with Class II/III Obesity Using Different Diagnostic Criteria

Table 4

Prevalence of sarcopenic obesity in the study cohort () using various sex-specific definitions determined by anthropometric and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements amongst studies investigating sarcopenic obesity.

Variables^a	Reference	Females ()		Males ()
		Cut point	Prevalence (%)	Cut point	Prevalence (%)
LSTI (kg/m^2)	Zoico et al., 2004 [27]	<5.70	0	NA	NA
LST by weight × 100 (%)	Kim et al., 2009 [28]	<30.70	0	<35.71	0
	Zoico et al., 2004 [27]	(I) 23.1–26.7; (II) <23.1	0; 0	NA; NA	NA; NA
ASM (kg)	Batsis et al., 2015 [8]	<15.02	0	<19.75	0
ASMI (kg/m^2)^b	Zoico et al., 2004 [27]	(I) 4.7–5.6; (II) <4.7	0; 0	NA; NA	NA; NA
	Kim et al., 2009 [28]	<5.14	0	<7.40	0
	Baumgartner et al., 1998 [7], 2004 [37]	<5.45	0	<7.26	0
	Newman et al., 2003 [29]	<5.67	0	<7.23	0
	Bouchard et al., 2009 [30]	<6.29	0	<8.51	0
	Kim et al., 2009 [28]	<7.36	4.9	<8.81	5.9
ASM by weight × 100 (%)	Levine & Crimmins, 2012 [31]	<19.43	23.3	<25.72	58.8
	Oh et al., 2015^c [32]	<23.4	84.5	<29.6	100
ASM by BMI (kg/m^2)	Batsis et al., 2015 [8]	<0.512	18.4	<0.789	47.1
ASM adjusted for height and fat mass (residuals)^b	Newman et al., 2003 [29]	<−1.73	0	<−2.29	23.5
ASMI and FMI (phenotype)	Prado et al., 2014 [18]	HA-LM^d	12.6	HA-LM^d	17.6
FM : FFM ratio	Siervo et al., 2015 [33]	≥85th percentile	28.2	≥85th percentile	76.5

Terminology for variables is selected for consistency and may differ from terms used by original authors. ^bWhere applicable, equivalent cut points derived from the study-specific cohort are listed in the text. ^cCut points determined from reported sex-specific mean and standard deviation in Oh et al., 2015[32]. ^dHA-LM: high adiposity (FMI 50–100) and low muscle mass (ASMI 0–49.99) with individual z-scores based upon age, sex, and BMI. LSTI: lean soft tissue index; NA: not applicable; LST: lean soft tissue; ASM: appendicular skeletal muscle mass; BMI: body mass index; ASMI: appendicular skeletal mass index; FMI: fat mass index; FM: fat mass; FFM: fat-free mass.