Nitrate-Rich Fruit and Vegetable Supplement Reduces Blood Pressure in Normotensive Healthy Young Males without Significantly Altering Flow-Mediated Vasodilation: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Controlled Trial
Table 3
Outcome measures at baseline and study weeks 1 and 2 in participants consuming two ounces FVS () or PRU () daily for two weeks1.
Variable
Baseline
Week 1
Week 2
2-week change
(Effect size)
Systolic BP, mmHg
FVS
116.2 ± 6.5
116.1 ± 9.1
112.1 ± 8.3
−4.1 ± 7.5
0.370
PRU
117.7 ± 10.1
115.2 ± 7.7
115.7 ± 7.1
−2.0 ± 8.5
(0.020)
Diastolic BP, mmHg
FVS
61.7 ± 7.7
61.7 ± 7.7
57.4 ± 6.2
−5.3 ± 7.0
0.028
PRU
62.3 ± 8.2
62.3 ± 8.2
62.9 ± 8.0
−2.2 ± 7.7
(0.112)
FMD, %peak dilation
FVS
6.3 ± 2.7
6.5 ± 2.9
6.4 ± 2.6
0.1 ± 2.8
0.145
PRU
5.7 ± 2.6
5.5 ± 2.4
5.2 ± 3.0
−0.5 ± 4.2
(0.051)
Plasma nitrates and nitrites, µM
FVS
27.4 ± 23.5
63.3 ± 67.7
61.5 ± 58.5
34.1 ± 57.6
0.001
PRU
38.7 ± 37.0
31.8 ± 30.4
29.1 ± 25.5
−9.7 ± 21.0
(0.244)
POMS
FVS
13.5 ± 19.0
10.7 ± 20.8
9.2 ± 17.3
−4.0 ± 19.1
0.369
PRU
10.1 ± 22.7
1.5 ± 14.7
2.9 ± 21.7
−7.3 ± 9.9
(0.020)
PSQI
FVS
4.3 ± 2.4
4.5 ± 2.4
4.2 ± 2.6
−0.1 ± 1.7
0.970
PRU
4.1 ± 2.3
3.8 ± 2.1
4.0 ± 2.7
−0.2 ± 2.0
(0.000)
1Data are mean ± SD; FVS: fruit and vegetable extract, PRU: prune juice. Nonnormal data were transformed prior to analyses (blood pressure; plasma nitrates/nitrites). There were no differences between groups at baseline. value represents univariate analyses for change data controlling for baseline value and body weight.
