Risk Factors Associated with Overweight and Obesity in Japanese-Brazilians

Table 2

Risk of overweight and obesity related to eutrophy and lifestyle and health conditions of Japanese-Brazilians in the city of Maringá-PR, Brazil, 2016.

Variables	Eutrophic (%)	Overweight (%)	Odds ratio	CI (95%)	value	With obesity (%)	Odds ratio	CI (95%)	value
Lifestyle
Tobacco use
Low	4 (1.40)	6 (3.00)	2.21	0.61–7.96	0.22	5 (8.93)	6.95	1.80–26.77	0.005
Elevated	4 (1.40)	6 (3.00)	2.21	0.61–7.96	0.22	1 (1.79)	1.39	0.15–12.69	0.77
Nonsmoker	278 (97.20)	188 (94.0)		—		50 (89.29)		—
Physical activity
Active	77 (26.92)	53 (26.50)		—		11 (19.64)		—
Irregularly active	120 (41.96)	92 (46.00)	1.11	0.71–1.73	0.63	34 (60.71)	1.98	0.94–4.14	0.06
Sedentary	89 (31.12)	55 (27.50)	0.89	0.55–1.45	0.63	11 (19.64)	0.86	0.35–2.10	0.74
Alcohol consumption
Does not consume	176 (61.5)	95 (47.5)		—		24 (42.9)		—
Low-risk consumption	92 (32.2)	74 (37.0)	1.49	1.00–2.21	0.048	22 (39.3)	1.74	0.93–3.29	0.081
Risky consumption	18 (6.3)	31 (15.5)	3.19	1.69–6.00	0.000	10 (17.9)	4.07	1.68–9.85	0.002
Eating habits
Regular	201 (70.28)	148 (74.00)	1.32	0.83–2.10	0.23	37 (66.07)	1.28	0.59–2.81	0.524
Bad	22 (7.69)	17 (8.50)	1.39	0.65–2.96	0.39	10 (17.86)	3.18	1.14–8.85	0.026
Good	63 (22.03)	35 (17.50)		—		9 (16.07)		—
Fruit consumption
Consumer	87 (30.4)	59 (29.50)		—		6 (10.7)		—
Not satisfactory	151 (62.8)	112 (56.00)	1.09	0.72–1.65	0.66	37 (23.2)	3.55	1.44–8.75	0.006
Does not consume	48 (16.8)	29 (14.5)	0.89	0.50–1.57	0.69	13 (16.4)	3.92	1.40–10.99	0.009
Vegetable consumption
Consumer	228 (79.7)	166 (83.00)		—		42 (75.00)		—
Not satisfactory	49 (17.10)	23 (11.50)	0.10	0.37–1.10	0.64	10 (17.90)	1.10	0.52–2.35	0.79
Does not consume	9 (3.10)	11 (5.50)	0.26	0.68–4.14	0.68	4 (7.10)	2.41	0.71–8.19	0.15
Health conditions
Blood pressure alteration
Altered	100 (34.97)	112 (56.0)	2.36	1.63–3.42	<0.001	41 (73.21)	5.08	2.68–9.63	<0.001
Not altered	186 (65.03)	88 (44.00)		—		15 (26.79)		—
Chronic disease; Self-referred
No	174 (60.84)	95 (47.50)		—		24 (42.86)		—
Yes	112 (39.16)	105 (52.50)	1.72	1.19–2.47	0.004	32 (57.14)	2.07	1.16–3.70	0.014
Health self-perception
Excellent	43 (15.00)	33 (16.50)		—		7 (12.50)		—
Very good	73 (25.50)	33 (16.50)	0.62	0.33–1.15	0.13	6 (10.70)	0.50	0.15–1.60	0.24
Good	133 (46.50)	93 (46.50)	0.94	0.55–1.59	0.94	30 (53.60)	1.38	0.56–3.38	0.47
Regular	34 (11.90)	35 (17.50)	1.38	0.71–2.66	1.38	8 (14.30)	1.44	0.47–4.38	0.51
Bad	3 (1.00)	6 (3.00)	2.68	0.62–11.56	2.68	5 (8.90)	10.23	1.98–52.73	0.005

The following were considered chronic diseases: diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, cancer, and kidney and heart problems.