Association of Serum Alpha-Tocopherol and Retinol with the Extent of Coronary Lesions in Coronary Artery Disease
Table 1
Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data of patients with coronary artery disease.
Variables
Total ()
Extent of coronary lesion (Friesinger index)
value
0–4 ()
5–9 ()
10–15 ()
Age (years)
58 ± 10
56 ± 10
60 ± 11
62 ± 7
0.004a
Men, (%)
99 (55.9)
48 (53.3)
30 (60.0)
21 (56.8)
0.592
BMI (kg/m2)
27.8 ± 54.9
28.3 ± 5.1
26.8 ± 4.5
28.1 ± 4.5
0.212
Obesity, (%)
45 (27.1)
17 (25.4)
8 (18.6)
4 (12.9)
0.279
Dyslipidemia, (%)
165 (93.2)
82 (91.1)
48 (96.0)
35 (94.6)
0.508
Type 2 diabetes, (%)
49 (27.7)
20 (24.4)
17 (34.0)
12 (32.4)
0.252
Hypertension, (%)
154 (87.0)
77 (85.5)
45 (90.0)
32 (86.5)
0.751
Diastolic pressure (mmHg)
84 ± 15
81 ± 14
88 ± 16
83 ± 17
0.149
Systolic pressure (mmHg)
143 ± 27
138 ± 23
152 ± 34
142 ± 22
0.069
Alcohol consumption, (%)
52 (29.5)
31 (34.8)
11 (22.0)
10 (27.0)
0.263
Cigarette smoking, (%)
41 (23.2)
16 (23.5)
13 (30.2)
8 (24.2)
0.551
Physical activity, (%)
65 (36.9)
39 (43.3)
16 (32.0)
10 (27.8)
0.183
Glucose (mmol/L)
6.6 ± 3.2
5.7 ± 2.1
7.9 ± 4.5
6.7 ± 3.1
0.001b,c
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
4.6 ± 1.3
4.6 ± 1.1
4.7 ± 1.3
4.8 ± 1.6
0.648
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)
1.0 ± 0.3
0.9 ± 0.3
0.9 ± 0.3
0.9 ± 0.3
0.751
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)
2.8 ± 1.1
2.7 ± 1.0
2.8 ± 1.1
3.1 ± 1.4
0.248
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
1.9 ± 1.2
1.9 ± 1.2
1.9 ± 1.4
1.7 ± 0.6
0.875
ALT (µkat/L)
0.5 ± 0.3
0.5 ± 0.3
0.5 ± 0.4
0.5 ± 0.3
0.639
AST (µkat/L)
0.5 ± 0.3
0.6 ± 0.3
0.5 ± 0.3
1.8 ± 1.0
0.506
Urea (mmol/L)
6.4 ± 2.0
6.2 ± 1.8
6.3 ± 1.9
6.6 ± 2.6
0.831
Creatinine (μmol/L)
82.1 ± 23.1
82.5 ± 22.2
83.0 ± 23.7
79.6 ± 25.0
0.758
Categorical variables are shown as number of patients (percentage) and compared using the chi-square test. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation and compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test for multiples comparisons; was considered statistically significant. CAD: coronary artery disease; BMI: body mass index; HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; AST: aspartate aminotransferase; ALT: aminotransferase. for comparison between 0–4 and 10–15 Friesinger index groups. for comparison between 0–4 and 5–9 Friesinger index groups. for comparison between 0–4 and 10–15 Friesinger index groups.
