Association of Serum Alpha-Tocopherol and Retinol with the Extent of Coronary Lesions in Coronary Artery Disease

Table 2

Serum alpha-tocopherol and retinol levels in patients with coronary artery disease.

Variables	Extent of coronary lesion (Friesinger index)
	0–4	5–9	10–15	value
Alpha-tocopherol	()	()	()
μmol/mmol cholesterol	4.4 ± 2.4	6.2 ± 3.7	6.3±2.8	0.036^a
μmol/L	19.3 ± 11.6	26.8 ± 12.8	27.1 ± 15.2	0.045^a
Adequate levels, n (%)	28 (66.7)	20(87.0)	16 (94.1)	0.033
Low levels, n (%)	14 (33.3)	3 (13.0)	1 (5.9)
Retinol	()	()	()
μmol/L	1.91 ± 0.77	2.03 ± 0.80	2.17 ± 1.0	0.492
Adequate levels, n (%)	60 (92.3)	34 (94.4)	26 (100.0)	0.348
Low levels, n (%)	5 (7.7)	2 (5.6)	0 (0)

Categorical variables are shown as the number of patients (percentage) and compared using the chi-square test. Continuous variables are shown as mean ± standard deviation and compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s test for multiples comparisons; was considered statistically significant. CAD: coronary artery disease. for comparison between 0–4 and 5–9 Friesinger index groups.