Comparison of Glycomacropeptide with Phenylalanine Free-Synthetic Amino Acids in Test Meals to PKU Patients: No Significant Differences in Biomarkers, Including Plasma Phe Levels

Table 6

Plasma concentrations (µmol/l) after intake of the DM and test meal for all AAs presented as % compared to time 0 (=1). Comparison between DM1+2 and DM3+4 gave the following results: time 15: DM1+2: Tyr: 0.0228, Asp: 0.0136, citrulline: 0.0378; DM3+4: Pro: 0.0455, Val: 0.0204, Thr: 0.0239; time 30: DM1+2: Leu: 0.0178, Ile: 0.0021, Asn: 0.0038, Asp: 0.0362; DM3+4: Ser: 0.0031, Pro: 0.0486, Thr: 0.0027, His: 0.0108, Tyr: 0.0412, citrulline: 0.0409; time 60: DM1+2: Asp: 0.0060, citrulline: 0.0100; DM3+4: Pro: 0.0003, Val: 0.0088, Thr: 0.0270, Asp: 0.0155; time 120: DM3+4: citrulline: 0.0364; time 240: DM1+2: Asp: 0.0288. There were no significant differences at time 0.

Time	15		30		60		120		240
	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD	Mean	SD
DM1
Gly	0.961	0.339	1.062	0.616	0.944	0.500	1.011	0.355	0.963	0.717
Ala	1.656	0.435	2.340	0.653	1.940	0.462	1.510	0.419	1.233	0.328
Ser	1.669	0.434	2.189	0.615	1.535	0.434	1.024	0.172	1.194	0.440
Pro	2.904	0.886	3.886	1.117	2.819	1.256	1.782	0.303	1.523	0.374
Val	1.977	0.510	2.509	0.698	2.255	0.422	1.712	0.257	1.583	0.310
Thr	2.594	0.544	3.885	0.867	2.855	0.813	2.013	0.229	1.832	0.829
Leu	1.365	0.152	1.425	0.155	0.995	0.094	0.582	0.162	0.828	0.143
Ile	5.815	1.849	7.033	1.190	5.198	0.841	3.426	0.464	2.603	0.517
Lys	2.195	0.794	2.258	0.500	1.828	0.690	1.468	0.653	1.263	0.734
Asn	1.666	0.251	2.003	0.399	1.412	0.313	1.012	0.091	1.218	0.414
Met	2.255	0.714	2.275	0.684	1.690	0.522	1.165	0.235	1.071	0.387
His	1.000	0.116	1.153	0.245	1.034	0.231	0.842	0.118	1.060	0.339
Phe	0.942	0.130	1.012	0.189	0.990	0.199	0.935	0.131	0.976	0.271
Tyr	0.816	0.143	0.863	0.245	0.765	0.170	0.599	0.134	0.647	0.136
Glu	1.302	0.307	1.243	0.149	1.061	0.180	0.915	0.127	0.961	0.173
Gln	1.278	0.204	1.309	0.296	1.291	0.277	1.245	0.208	1.242	0.402
Asp	1.783	0.495	2.225	0.760	1.592	0.327	1.076	0.245	1.104	0.316
Trp	0.980	0.105	1.116	0.188	0.906	0.155	0.725	0.145	0.808	0.256
Orn	1.288	0.340	1.520	0.501	1.287	0.366	0.989	0.175	1.006	0.325
Arg	1.041	0.135	1.220	0.272	1.024	0.198	0.876	0.193	0.963	0.242
Cit	0.889	0.251	1.075	0.316	0.809	0.228	0.744	0.244	0.939	0.467
DM2
Gly	1.238	0.926	1.197	0.745	1.081	0.938	1.227	0.796	0.979	0.654
Ala	1.603	0.354	1.664	0.483	1.620	0.447	1.312	0.335	1.163	0.379
Ser	1.653	0.297	1.697	0.546	1.457	0.204	1.102	0.213	1.083	0.169
Pro	3.177	0.867	3.052	1.017	2.846	1.185	2.291	1.110	1.617	0.435
Val	1.647	0.579	1.856	0.730	1.719	0.397	1.544	0.560	1.420	0.497
Thr	2.555	0.512	3.182	0.977	2.808	0.691	2.254	0.735	1.957	0.447
Leu	1.389	0.255	1.225	0.196	0.983	0.094	0.635	0.129	0.810	0.160
Ile	4.892	2.668	4.640	2.055	4.192	1.679	3.112	1.420	2.572	0.857
Lys	1.714	0.725	1.420	0.530	1.280	0.341	1.046	0.218	1.023	0.438
Asn	1.518	0.172	1.314	0.359	1.155	0.124	0.954	0.197	1.046	0.270
Met	1.992	0.542	1.830	0.641	1.570	0.328	1.220	0.173	1.085	0.184
His	1.114	0.208	1.045	0.308	0.993	0.175	0.823	0.178	0.944	0.171
Phe	1.055	0.227	0.952	0.195	0.956	0.109	0.964	0.159	1.036	0.130
Tyr	0.951	0.231	0.812	0.187	0.692	0.132	0.586	0.145	0.606	0.125
Glu	1.130	0.182	1.087	0.177	1.016	0.165	0.897	0.222	0.964	0.202
Gln	1.537	0.427	1.508	0.350	1.478	0.531	1.199	0.393	1.271	0.390
Asp	1.200	0.426	1.132	0.266	0.880	0.155	0.814	0.230	1.005	0.190
Trp	1.075	0.304	0.996	0.361	0.871	0.263	0.768	0.171	0.884	0.171
Orn	1.227	0.290	1.081	0.287	1.067	0.211	1.084	0.302	1.079	0.275
Arg	1.207	0.286	1.111	0.395	1.084	0.215	0.927	0.215	0.931	0.258
Cit	1.118	0.525	1.136	0.404	1.211	0.349	1.121	0.359	1.030	0.359
DM3
Gly	0.809	0.355	0.913	0.337	0.822	0.621	0.772	0.318	0.804	0.679
Ala	1.206	0.304	1.435	0.302	1.171	0.192	1.085	0.277	0.987	0.141
Ser	1.210	0.211	1.248	0.262	0.941	0.194	0.862	0.292	0.900	0.200
Pro	1.777	0.313	1.838	0.349	1.471	0.234	1.278	0.415	1.126	0.242
Val	1.459	0.274	1.715	0.330	1.228	0.117	1.314	0.572	1.078	0.143
Thr	1.625	0.368	1.851	0.471	1.635	0.217	1.438	0.463	1.325	0.293
Leu	2.282	0.435	2.328	0.442	1.658	0.366	1.091	0.617	0.887	0.141
Ile	3.524	1.089	3.675	0.890	2.498	0.721	1.736	1.234	1.380	0.386
Lys	1.632	0.560	1.662	0.712	1.389	0.599	0.943	0.117	0.874	0.189
Asn	1.630	0.329	1.534	0.429	1.353	0.335	1.034	0.430	0.980	0.202
Met	1.826	0.370	1.754	0.507	1.255	0.116	1.070	0.374	0.865	0.180
His	1.049	0.153	1.153	0.240	0.915	0.137	0.900	0.264	0.895	0.129
Phe	0.889	0.111	0.911	0.104	0.843	0.100	0.879	0.140	0.910	0.119
Tyr	1.645	0.244	1.985	0.713	1.723	0.437	1.667	0.295	1.305	0.248
Glu	0.950	0.144	0.951	0.152	0.801	0.189	0.756	0.221	0.774	0.111
Gln	1.170	0.104	1.061	0.223	1.036	0.120	0.911	0.148	0.920	0.093
Asp	0.953	0.291	1.111	0.138	0.998	0.158	0.755	0.221	0.724	0.170
Trp	1.244	0.272	1.455	0.302	1.165	0.382	1.071	0.444	0.950	0.383
Orn	1.259	0.247	1.374	0.230	1.147	0.222	1.064	0.335	0.977	0.195
Arg	1.216	0.226	1.236	0.331	0.982	0.138	0.869	0.213	0.835	0.163
Cit	0.815	0.158	0.802	0.173	0.649	0.163	0.642	0.141	0.842	0.211
DM4
Gly	1.179	0.781	1.304	0.630	0.920	0.445	1.230	0.433	1.183	0.690
Ala	1.546	0.395	1.552	0.278	1.463	0.406	1.304	0.157	1.003	0.378
Ser	1.521	0.336	1.419	0.228	1.196	0.382	0.978	0.120	0.961	0.347
Pro	2.499	1.154	2.357	0.774	2.003	0.704	1.509	0.287	1.135	0.429
Val	1.861	0.438	1.865	0.450	1.528	0.297	1.511	0.913	1.263	0.491
Thr	2.067	1.025	2.389	0.795	2.069	0.687	1.654	0.224	1.380	0.525
Leu	2.237	0.667	1.981	0.433	1.579	0.482	0.995	0.277	0.829	0.279
Ile	3.681	1.813	3.072	1.203	2.667	1.251	1.481	0.582	1.132	0.457
Lys	1.671	0.782	1.385	0.292	1.429	0.704	1.184	0.389	1.179	0.589
Asn	1.588	0.591	1.502	0.439	1.291	0.342	1.008	0.191	0.851	0.231
Met	2.527	1.706	2.337	1.887	1.956	2.094	1.503	1.681	1.035	0.763
His	1.237	0.231	1.261	0.135	1.140	0.270	1.004	0.153	0.981	0.342
Phe	1.054	0.126	0.981	0.109	0.947	0.141	0.942	0.108	0.921	0.293
Tyr	1.548	0.594	1.524	0.559	1.606	0.723	1.667	0.568	1.347	0.525
Glu	1.123	0.205	1.013	0.191	0.950	0.221	0.823	0.168	0.893	0.407
Gln	1.236	0.246	1.150	0.160	1.120	0.211	1.107	0.196	0.911	0.319
Asp	1.121	0.261	0.964	0.149	0.854	0.234	0.819	0.177	0.860	0.343
Trp	1.505	0.436	1.403	0.272	1.252	0.345	1.031	0.147	1.010	0.355
Orn	1.470	0.405	1.376	0.200	1.337	0.302	1.105	0.153	0.992	0.314
Arg	1.477	0.315	1.344	0.238	1.138	0.218	0.967	0.116	0.940	0.314
Cit	1.132	0.285	1.105	0.216	1.201	0.603	0.989	0.231	0.971	0.413