Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

Clinical Study

Efficacy of an Anthocyanin and Prebiotic Blend on Intestinal Environment in Obese Male and Female Subjects

Table 4

Bowel habits in participants supplemented with the anthocyanin-prebiotic blend at baseline (day 0) and end of the study (day 57) ().


	Bristol Stool Scale ()	Number of bowel movements (/day)	Proportion of bowel movements that were straining to start (%)	Proportion of bowel movements that were straining to stop (%)	Proportion of bowel movements that were incomplete (%)
	Mean ± SD ()	Mean ± SD ()	Mean ± SD ()	Mean ± SD ()	Mean ± SD ()
	Median (interquartile range)	Median (interquartile range)	Median (interquartile range)	Median (interquartile range)	Median (interquartile range)
	Within-group value^a	Within-group value^a	Within-group value^a	Within-group value^a	Within-group value^a

Baseline	3.88 ± 0.79 (46)	2.52 ± 1.09 (46)	17.7 ± 22.8 (46)	3.9 ± 10.3 (46)	22.9 ± 27.5 (46)
Baseline	3.87 (0.94)	2 (1)	6.7 (25.0)	0 (2.9)	11.4 (34.6)

Change from baseline to week 1	−0.01 ± 0.59 (46)	−0.07 ± 0.88 (46)	1.5 ± 20.7 (46)	−1.1 ± 8.2 (46)	−3.8 ± 23.9 (46)
	0.04 (0.71)	0 (2)	0 (20.4)	0 (0)	0 (19.6)
	0.924	0.709^b	0.420^b	0.185^b	0.191^b

Change from baseline to week 2	−0.00 ± 0.65 (46)	−0.28 ± 0.89 (46)	−1.1 ± 17.3 (46)	0.9 ± 9.6 (46)	−8.7 ± 22.5 (46)
	−0.03 (0.64)	0 (1)	0 (13.0)	0 (0)	−4 (14.9)
	0.994	0.066^b	0.083^b	0.345^b	<0.001^b

Change from baseline to week 3	0.10 ± 0.55 (46)	−0.17 ± 0.93 (46)	−2.5 ± 18.0 (46)	3.5 ± 16.1 (46)	−8.7 ± 24.9 (46)
	0.14 (0.63)	0 (1)	0 (16.5)	0 (0)	−3.3 (16.2)
	0.225	0.349^b	0.089^b	0.506^b	<0.001^b

Change from baseline to week 4	0.11 ± 0.70 (46)	0.04 ± 1.03 (46)	−3.7 ± 19.1 (46)	−1.2 ± 6.3 (46)	−10.9 ± 21.9 (46)
	0.16 (0.82)	0 (2)	−0.8 (10.6)	0 (0)	−2.6 (17.8)
	0.309	0.962^b	0.004^b	0.025^b	<0.001^b

Change from baseline to week 5	0.11 ± 0.54 (46)	−0.26 ± 0.80 (46)	−5.6 ± 18.0 (46)	0.5 ± 7.5 (46)	−10.7 ± 27.2 (46)
	0.17 (0.64)	0 (1)	−3.9 (13.0)	0 (0)	−4.2 (20.0)
	0.193	0.056^b	0.002^b	0.124^b	<0.001^b

Change from baseline to week 6	0.17 ± 0.58 (46)	0.02 ± 0.86 (46)	−4.8 ± 14.1 (46)	−1.2 ± 5.8 (46)	−11.6 ± 20.6 (46)
	0.24 (0.65)	0 (0)	−4 (12.8)	0 (0)	−4.5 (21.1)
	0.051	0.891^b	<0.001^b	0.167^b	<0.001^b

Change from baseline to week 7	0.18 ± 0.53 (46)	−0.15 ± 0.73 (46)	−5.0 ± 16.9 (46)	−2.0 ± 7.4 (46)	−11.6 ± 24.2 (46)
	0.22 (0.67)	0 (1)	0 (14.1)	0 (0)	−6.7 (21.1)
	0.028	0.284^b	0.002^b	0.046^b	<0.001^b

Change from baseline to week 8	0.18 ± 0.64 (46)	−0.07 ± 0.95 (46)	−5.6 ± 19.1 (46)	−2.2 ± 8.3 (46)	−27 ± 108 (46)
	0.28 (0.81)	0 (1.75)	−1.7 (14.0)	0 (2.9)	−6 (21.7)
	0.063	0.432^b	<0.001^b	0.019^b	<0.001^b

n: number; SD: standard deviation. ^aWithin-group comparisons were made using the paired Student’s t-test. ^bLogarithmic transformation required to achieve normality. Probability values ≤0.05 are statistically significant.