Vitamin D Intake among Premenopausal Women Living in Jeddah: Food Sources and Relationship to Demographic Factors and Bone Health

Table 2

Vitamin D and calcium intake and percent below the EAR among Jeddah premenopausal women residents stratified by age.

	Total	value^a	20–30 years	31–40 years	41–50 years	value^b
Vitamin D intake from diet and supplement (IU/day)
Mean + SD	643.4 + 873.1		488.2 ± 718.7	854.5 + 1060.3	912.3 + 946.8
Median (IQR: P25–P75)	236.4 (114.4–748.4)	0.52	206.8 (99.5–403.9)	276.9 (124.6–1632.1)	556.1 (228.9–1693.8)	<0.001
n (%) below EAR (400 IU/day)^c	167 (65)		114 (74)	42 (57.5)	11 (35.5)	<0.001
Calcium intake from diet and supplement (mg/day)
Mean + SD	770.9 + 421.9		725.2 ± 378.1	788.1 + 475.9	955.8 + 448.2
Median (IQR: P25–P75)	702.7 (469.6–981.2)	0.005	681.3 (440.1–925.6)	713.7 (416.4–989.1)	962.8 (626.3–1100.0)	0.015
n (%) below EAR (800 mg/day)^c	156 (61)		102 (66.7)	43 (58.9)	11 (35.5)	0.005

EAR, estimated average requirement; P25–P75, 25th percentile and 75th percentile; SD, standard deviation. ^aThe Wilcoxon signed-rank test was performed to compare differences between median nutrient intake and EAR. ^bThe nonparametric Kruskal–Wallis test was performed to compare differences in intake among age categories. ^cAdequacy was determined using the estimated average requirement levels of 400 IU/day for vitamin D and 800 mg/day for calcium for women aged 19–50 years. Significance at the <0.05 level.