Research Article
Vitamin D Intake among Premenopausal Women Living in Jeddah: Food Sources and Relationship to Demographic Factors and Bone Health
Table 6
The average dietary intake of vitamin D and main food sources of selected countries including the current study.
| Country | Women age (years) | Vitamin D intake from food (IU/day) | Vitamin D intake from food and supplement (IU/day) | Main sources (top three) |
| Current study | 20–50 | 141 | 236.4 | Dairy products (36.5%), supplements (31%), fish (12.2%) | Australia [5] | Adult women | 80–96 | | Margarine (48%), canned fish (16%), eggs (10%) | Japan [1] | ≥40 | 284 | | Fish (91%), eggs (3%), meat (2%) | Lebanon [32] | 30–50 | 89 | | Milk (30.2%), meat (28%), fish (25.5%) | Norway [1] | 25–69 | | 236 | Supplements (49%), fish (26%), margarine (23%) | Taiwan [3] | 19–44 | 154 | 176 | Fish (39%), dairy products (14%), supplements (12%) | United Kingdom [1] | 35–49 | | 148 | Supplements (34%), fish (19%), cereal (16%) | United States [1] | 20–49 | | 293 | Supplements (40%), milk (39%), cereal (3%) |
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IU = international unit. The table format and information are adapted from Vitamin D Intake and Its Food Sources in Taiwanese by Lee et al. [ 3]. |