Vitamin D Intake among Premenopausal Women Living in Jeddah: Food Sources and Relationship to Demographic Factors and Bone Health

Table 6

The average dietary intake of vitamin D and main food sources of selected countries including the current study.

Country	Women age (years)	Vitamin D intake from food (IU/day)	Vitamin D intake from food and supplement (IU/day)	Main sources (top three)
Current study	20–50	141	236.4	Dairy products (36.5%), supplements (31%), fish (12.2%)
Australia [5]	Adult women	80–96		Margarine (48%), canned fish (16%), eggs (10%)
Japan [1]	≥40	284		Fish (91%), eggs (3%), meat (2%)
Lebanon [32]	30–50	89		Milk (30.2%), meat (28%), fish (25.5%)
Norway [1]	25–69		236	Supplements (49%), fish (26%), margarine (23%)
Taiwan [3]	19–44	154	176	Fish (39%), dairy products (14%), supplements (12%)
United Kingdom [1]	35–49		148	Supplements (34%), fish (19%), cereal (16%)
United States [1]	20–49		293	Supplements (40%), milk (39%), cereal (3%)

IU = international unit. The table format and information are adapted from Vitamin D Intake and Its Food Sources in Taiwanese by Lee et al. [3].