Breakfast Intake and Factors Associated with Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among Lebanese High School Adolescents
Table 3
Association between daily energy, nutrients intake means, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet by gender, among Lebanese adolescents, .
Boys
Girls
Total sample
AMD
AMD
AMD
Poor
Moderate
High
Poor
Moderate
High
Poor
Moderate
High
Mean ± SE
Mean ± SE
Mean ± SE
Mean ± SE
Mean ± SE
Mean ± SE
Mean ± SE
Mean ± SE
Mean ± SE
DEI
1531.5 ± 49.8
1855.2 ± 147.2
1658.4 ± 82.5
0.044
1489.4 ± 51.7
1521.3 ± 37.2
1495.4 ± 44.7
0.591
1512.1 ± 36.1
1649.7 ± 61.6
1553.8 ± 41.7
0.113
Total CHO (g/day)
176.0 ± 6.5
210.5 ± 7.7
214.3 ± 13.1
0.001
182.1 ± 7.1
186.0 ± 7.1
189.0 ± 7.1
0.804
179.0 ± 4.8
195.4 ± 4.5
198.1 ± 6.6
0.017
CHO (% DEI)
45.6 ± 1.0
56.2 ± 1.2
64.5 ± 1.5
0.065
48.9 ± 1.0
51.7 ± 0.9
50.3 ± 1.2
0.737
47.8 ± 0.7
49.3 ± 0.7
50.8 ± 0.9
0.062
Total pro (g/day)
60.7 ± 2.4
71.7 ± 2.9
67.6 ± 4.6
0.014
59.3 ± 2.2
58.4 ± 1.7
65.9 ± 2.5
0.073
60.1 ± 1.6
63.6 ± 1.6
66.5 ± 2.3
0.076
Proteins (% DEI)
16.6 ± 0.5
17.0 ± 0.6
16.8 ± 1.2
0.855
16.6 ± 0.5
15.8 ± 0.4
18.1 ± 0.7
0.019
16.6 ± 0.4
16.3 ± 0.4
17.6 ± 0.6
0.163
Total lip (g/day)
65.0 ± 2.9
65.9 ± 2.8
59.9 ± 4.1
0.529
59.6 ± 2.8
60.7 ± 2.2
54.4 ± 2.6
0.305
62.5 ± 2.1
62.8 ± 1.7
56.4 ± 2.2
0.156
Lipids (% DEI)
37.4 ± 0.9
34.5 ± 0.9
32.3 ± 1.2
0.008
35.0 ± 0.9
35.4 ± 0.8
32.3 ± 1.1
0.095
36.3 ± 0.6
35.1 ± 0.6
32.3 ± 0.8
0.003
SAFA (% DEI)
15.2 ± 0.5
13.8 ± 0.6
13.3 ± 0.8
0.130
14.4 ± 0.5
14.3 ± 0.5
12.1 ± 0.5
0.015
14.8 ± 0.4
14.1 ± 0.4
12.5 ± 0.4
0.004
MUFA (% DEI)
12.6 ± 0.4
12.3 ± 0.6
10.8 ± 0.6
0.224
11.7 ± 0.5
12.1 ± 0.4
11.5 ± 0.5
0.680
12.1 ± 0.3
12.1 ± 0.3
11.3 ± 0.4
0.295
PUFA (% DEI)
7.8 ± 1.1
5.7 ± 0.4
5.1 ± 0.4
0.180
5.9 ± 0.3
5.9 ± 0.3
5.7 ± 0.3
0.638
6.9 ± 0.6
5.8 ± 0.2
5.5 ± 0.2
0.117
Total chol (mg/d)
172.8 ± 12.4
223.0 ± 18.8
183.8 ± 24.9
0.195
162.2 ± 12.8
186.1 ± 15.1
195.1 ± 80.8
0.356
166.3 ± 8.8
198.9 ± 11.8
191.1 ± 16.0
0.072
Total fib (g/day)
13.0 ± 0.7
16.4 ± 0.9
16.1 ± 1.2
0.011
15.1 ± 0.8
15.1 ± 0.8
15.3 ± 0.8
0.988
14.0 ± 0.6
15.6 ± 0.6
15.6 ± 0.7
0.089
Water (g/day)
2713.5 ± 56.4
3037.5 ± 77.2
3218.5 ± 125.1
<0.001
2925.0 ± 71.2
2939.5 ± 63.6
3542.1 ± 86.9
<0.001
2811.6 ± 45.2
2977.2 ± 49.1
3426.3 ± 72.9
<0.001
Mod: moderate; DEI: daily energy intake; CHO: carbohydrates; Pro: proteins; Lip: lipids; SAFA: saturated fatty acids; MUFA: monounsaturated fatty acids; PUFA: polyunsaturated fatty acids; Chol: cholesterol; Fib: fibers. is considered significant. 1Difference between groups was obtained using ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis for continuous variables.
