CNDP1, NOS3, and MnSOD Polymorphisms as Risk Factors for Diabetic Nephropathy among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Malaysia

Table 3

Clinical and demographic characteristics of type 2 diabetic patient samples.

Characteristic	Malays (n = 227)			Chinese (n = 203)			Indians (n = 222)
	With nephropathy	Without nephropathy	value	With nephropathy	Without nephropathy	value	With nephropathy	Without nephropathy	value
Number of samples	131 (57.7%)	96 (42.3%)	—	108 (53.2%)	95 (46.8%)	—	86 (38.7%)	136 (61.3%)	—
Duration of diabetes (years)	16.1 ± 6.8	15.5 ± 5.1	0.061	16.6 ± 6.7	16.8 ± 6.6	0.060	17 ± 5.1	16.8 ± 5.0	0.070
Albumin excretion rate (g/24 h)	1363.18 ± 136.00	25.83 ± 2.10	<0.005	1952.50 ± 144.30	23.00 ± 5.70	<0.005	1756 ± 155.44	26.67 ± 1.9	<0.005
Glycated hemoglobin (%)	8.67 ± 2.34	9.07 ± 1.97	0.087	9.19 ± 2.31	9.45 ± 2.56	0.176	7.79 ± 2.08	8.30 ± 1.63	0.192
Fasting blood glucose (mmol/L)	9.91 ± 3.3	9.86 ± 3.70	0.327	9.60 ± 2.10	8.6 ± 3.70	0.251	9.8 ± 0.137	8.78 ± 3.69	0.137
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	6.42 ± 1.37	4.84 ± 1.01	0.002	6.58 ± 1.19	4.26 ± 1.13	0.003	6.48 ± 1.42	4.74 ± 1.23	0.004
HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	1.02 ± 0.39	1.22 ± 0.26	0.001	1.01 ± 0.24	1.11 ± 0.24	0.003	1.16 ± 0.25	1.29 ± 0.26	0.001
LDL cholesterol (mmol/L)	2. 45 ± 1.25	2.82 ± 1.10	0.732	2.69 ± 1.05	2.53 ± 0.90	0.491	2.61 ± 1.25	2.60 ± 1.06	0.626
Triglycerides (mmol/L)	1.85 ± 0.80	2.07 ± 1.81	0.168	1.72 ± 0.64	1.36 ± 0.80	0.844	1.55 ± 0.67	1.87 ± 0.87	0.393

shows a significant difference.