Research Article
The Interaction between Coffee: Caffeine Consumption, UCP2 Gene Variation, and Adiposity in Adults—A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 1
Characteristics of subjects.
| | | All () | AA + GA () | GG () | |
| | Male/female | 223/232 | 142/141 | 81/90 | | | Age | 41.6 ± 10.9 | 41.6 ± 10.0 | 41.5 ± 12.1 | 0.917 | | Height | 158.1 ± 9.4 | 158.1 ± 9.4 | 158.1 ± 9.2 | 0.963 | | Anthropometric measures | | Body weight (kg) | 62.7 ± 13.3 | 62.9 ± 13.4 | 62.4 ± 13.1 | 0.724 | | Body mass index (kg/m2) | 25.1 ± 5.2 | 25.2 ± 5.5 | 25.0 ± 4.8 | 0.626 | | Body fat (kg) | 17.7 ± 7.7 | 17.8 ± 7.9 | 17.6 ± 7.5 | 0.822 | | Waist circumference (cm) | 86.6 ± 12.7 | 86.0 ± 12.6 | 87.5 ± 13.0 | 0.232 | | Hip circumference | 94.2 ± 11.2 | 94.2 ± 11.5 | 94.3 ± 10.9 | 0.924 | | Physical activity (METs-min/week) | 5769 ± 5911 | 5941 ± 6006 | 5489 ± 5761 | 0.433 | | Dietary intake (per day) | | Total energy intake (kcal) | 2562 ± 1127 | 2530 ± 1129 | 2614 ± 1126 | 0.449 | | Protein (g) | 80.0 ± 41.3 | 79.0 ± 42.3 | 81.6 ± 39.5 | 0.517 | | Fat (g) | 66.7 ± 46.2 | 64.2 ± 42.8 | 70.6 ± 51.2 | 0.153 | | Carbohydrate (g) | 410.7 ± 199.5 | 408.6 ± 198.4 | 414.2 ± 201.9 | 0.772 | | Fiber (g) | 24.0 ± 13.4 | 23.3 ± 13.1 | 25.1 ± 13.8 | 0.168 | | Sugar (g) | 26.7 ± 24.2 | 25.3 ± 23.6 | 28.9 ± 25.1 | 0.128 | | Caffeine and its sources (per day) | | Total caffeine (mg) | 87.3 ± 91.9 | 85.2 ± 93.2 | 90.7 ± 89.7 | 0.540 | | Tea (ml) | 276.2 ± 301.0 | 269.9 ± 312.5 | 286.6 ± 281.8 | 0.566 | | Coffee (ml) | 35.5 ± 96.2 | 34.5 ± 89.6 | 37.1 ± 106.4 | 0.787 | | Chocolate (mg) | 3.5 ± 9.9 | 4.09 ± 11.91 | 2.60 ± 5.20 | 0.121 | | Caffeine-containing soda (ml) | 0.12 ± 1.53 | 0.15 ± 1.78 | 0.09 ± 1.00 | 0.685 |
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Independent t-test of comparison between subjects AA + GA and GG genotypes of −866 G/A UCP2. |
