Research Article
Free and Bioavailable Fractions of Vitamin D: Association with Maternal Characteristics in Brazilian Pregnant Women
Table 1
General characteristics of the pregnant women studied.
| | Characteristics | Participants (n = 119) |
| | Age, y | 26.3 ± 5.7 | | Gestational period, wk | 33.9 ± 4.1 | | Categories of gestational period | | | 27–31 wk | 37 (31.1) | | 32–36 wk | 42 (35.3) | | 37–41 wk | 40 (33.6) | | Prepregnancy BMI | | | Underweight or normal (<25 kg/m2) | 67 (56.3) | | Overweight (25–29.9 kg/m2) | 25 (21) | | Obesity (≥30.0 kg/m2) | 27 (22.7) | | Gestational weight gain, kg/wk | 0.32 ± 0.15 | | Number of previous pregnancies | | | 0 | 37 (31.1) | | 1 | 48 (40.3) | | ≥2 | 34 (28.6) | | Skin type† | | | Very light or light | 22 (18.5) | | Intermediate | 34 (28.6) | | Tanned | 32 (26.9) | | Brown or dark | 31 (26.1) | | Cigarette smoking | | | Yes | 8 (6.7) | | No | 111 (93.3) | | Alcohol consumption | | | Yes | 14 (11.8) | | No | 105 (88.2) | | Physical exercise | | | Yes | 10 (8.4) | | No | 109 (91.6) | | Education level | | | Incomplete fundamental | 14 (11.8) | | Complete fundamental | 53 (44.5) | | Complete high school or more | 52 (43.7) | | Season | | | Winter | 28 (23.5) | | Spring | 36 (30.3) | | Summer | 27 (22.7) | | Autumn | 28 (23.5) | | Vitamin D status | | | Insufficiency (<50 nmol/L) | 57 (47.9) | | Sufficiency (≥50 nmol/L) | 62 (52.1) |
|
|
Values are mean ± standard deviation or number of observations (% frequency). †According to the individual typology angle (ITA). |
