Reduced Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Chinese Infants Fed Minimally Processed Commercially Available Formula: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study
Table 5
Pairwise comparison of product effect on stool characteristics, gastrointestinal, and heatiness symptoms.
IF A vs IF B
IF A vs IF C
IF A vs IF D
IF B vs IF C
IF B vs IF D
IF C vs IF D
OR (95% CI)
value
OR (95% CI)
value
OR (95% CI)
value
OR (95% CI)
value
OR (95% CI)
value
OR (95% CI)
value
Stool characteristics
Stool consistency
2.58 (1.78, 3.75)
0.0001
2.39 (1.69, 3.39)
<0.0001
2.07 (1.36, 3.16)
0.0007
0.93 (0.62, 1.83)
0.707
0.80 (0.50, 1.29)
0.359
0.87 (0.54, 1.38)
0.544
Stool colour
0.25 (0.15, 0.40)
<0.0001
0.50 (0.34, 0.75)
0.0006
0.57 (0.37, 0.88)
0.008
2.01 (1.30, 3.12)
0.002
2.27 (1.43, 3.60)
0.0005
1.13 (0.76, 1.68)
0.552
Gastrointestinal symptoms
Abdominal distension
0.51 (0.34, 0.77)
0.002
0.55 (0.38, 0.81)
0.002
0.51 (0.34, 0.77)
0.001
1.09 (0.71, 1.66)
0.699
1.01 (0.64, 1.58)
0.977
0.93 (0.61, 1.40)
0.717
Burping
0.60 (0.45, 0.80)
0.004
0.38 (0.27, 0.54)
<0.0001
0.44 (0.31, 0.62)
<0.0001
0.64 (0.44, 0.91)
0.015
0.73 (0.50, 1.05)
0.089
1.14 (0.75, 1.73)
0.529
Flatulence
0.28 (0.17, 0.44)
<0.0001
0.36 (0.25, 0.54)
<0.0001
0.21 (0.14, 0.32)
<0.0001
1.29 (0.87, 1.92)
0.206
0.74 (0.50, 1.10)
0.14
0.57 (0.40, 0.81)
0.002
Diarrhea
0.25 (0.17, 0.36)
<0.0001
0.26 (0.17, 0.38)
<0.0001
0.33 (0.23, 0.48)
<0.0001
1.04 (0.73, 1.49)
0.83
1.36 (0.99, 1.87)
0.062
1.31 (0.94, 1.81)
0.107
Constipation
0.36 (0.25, 0.52)
<0.0001
0.20 (0.13, 0.31)
<0.0001
0.29 (0.19, 0.43)
<0.0001
0.56 (0.42, 0.75)
0.0001
0.80 (0.60, 1.05)
0.106
1.41 (1.03, 1.94)
0.033
;,. Results presented for outcomes with significant product effects in type 3 GEE analysis. Multiple comparisons with Bonferroni adjustment.
