The Burden of Malnutrition among Adults Residing in Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS): A WHO STEPS Survey

Table 3

Crude and adjusted odds ratio for the association of sociodemographic and life style factors stratified by body mass index with normal weight as reference category.

Variables	Categories	Underweight			Overweight
		COR	AOR	95% CI	COR	AOR	95% CI
Sex	Male
	Female	1.41	1.24	0.94–1.62	1.85	1.60	1.17–2.2
Age group	25–34
	35–44	1.10	1.20	0.84–1.70	0.77	1.06	0.77–1.45
	45–54	1.65	1.70	1.21–2.39	0.68	1.10	0.78–1.55
	55–64	2.01	1.93	1.37–2.74	0.49	0.86	0.58–1.26
Residency	Rural
	Urban	0.81	0.77	0.55–1.09	2.87	1.72	1.3–2.27
Marital status	Unmarried
	Married	0.62	0.80	0.58–1.10	0.63	0.72	0.51–1.02
Educational status	No formal education
	Primary school	0.93	1.17	0.87–1.58	2.52	1.89	1.42–2.51
	Secondary and above	0.59	0.69	0.39–1.25	2.77	1.94	1.24–3.03
Religion	Protestant
	Orthodox	1.24	1.09	0.83–1.42	0.64	0.83	0.61–1.12
	Other	1.44	1.10	0.69–1.76	0.50	0.82	0.42–1.57
Occupation	Farmer
	Daily laborer	1.75	2.01	1.35–3.00	1.70	1.29	0.79–2.09
	Merchant	1.03	1.20	0.63–2.30	5.65	3.17	2.01–5.00
	House wife	1.65	1.56	1.14–2.12	2.73	1.63	1.16–2.31
	Employed at org.	1.94	2.69	1.47–4.95	3.59	2.05	1.13–3.70
	Unemployed	2.25	2.08	1.24–3.48	1.62	1.10	0.54–2.21
	Other	1.18	1.92	0.52–7.14	1.24	0.48	0.10–2.20
Wealth index	The poorest
	2^nd quintile	0.60	0.58	0.42–0.80	0.49	0.73	0.50–1.07
	Middle quintile	0.72	0.73	0.54–1.01	0.84	1.08	0.76–1.53
	4^th quintile	0.68	0.66	0.47–0.94	0.59	0.83	0.55–1.27
	The richest	0.72	0.78	0.55–1.11	1.65	1.87	1.34–2.60
Food secure	Food secure
	Food insecure	1.12	1.15	0.87–1.52	1.51	1.22	0.92–1.62
Current consumption of tobacco	No
	Yes	1.47	1.58	1.18–2.13	0.52	1.01	0.69–1.48
Heavy alcohol consumption	No
	Yes	0.93	0.92	0.64–1.31	0.67	1.02	0.65–1.6
Fruit & vegetable consumption level	≥5 serving
	<5 serving	1.03	1.05	0.84–1.32	1.55	1.15	0.90–1.46
Flesh food consumption	1–4 times per week
	1–3 times per month	0.61	0.56	0.29–1.1	1.29	1.03	0.56–1.90
	1–4 times per year	1.13	1.01	0.57–1.79	0.70	0.85	0.48–1.52
	Never per year	1.16	1.04	0.54–1.99	1.34	1.03	0.54–1.96
Mental stress	Mild
	Moderate	1.06	1.08	0.86–1.36	0.76	0.82	0.63–1.08
	Severe	0.88	0.83	0.46–1.50	1.28	1.24	0.73–2.12

value <0.01. value <0.05.