Food Expenditure and Food Consumption before and during Ramadan in Moroccan Households

Table 5

Comparison of nutritional intake before and during Ramadan according to age groups (n = 340).

Age groups	Energy (Kcal/day)	Proteins (g/day)	Carbohydrates (g/day)	Sucrose (% of TEI)	Lipids (g/hour)	SFA (g/day)	Sodium (mg/day)	Calcium (mg/day)
[18–25] years
Before Ramadan	2203 [1862; 2699]	73 [51; 95]	310 [266; 381]	17 [12, 21]	69 [56; 95]	24 [19, 33]	3480 [2272; 4698]	458 [373; 609]
During Ramadan	2328 [2037; 2689]	65 [59; 75]	361 [319; 423]	17.5 [14, 20]	62 [58; 80]	27 [22, 34]	3717 [2659; 4929]	525 [427; 666]
	0.001	0.003	<0.001	0.3	<0.001	0.3	<0.001	<0.001
]26–40[ years
Before Ramadan	2178 [1926; 2763]	73 [57; 86]	302 [262; 401]	18 [12, 22]	78 [58; 94]	28 [21, 36]	3450 [2463; 4603]	497 [403; 616]
During Ramadan	2275 [2043; 2767]	65 [58; 74]	356 [303; 450]	18 [13, 22]	68 [58; 83]	28 [22, 35]	3689 [2715; 4892]	568 [468; 705]
	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.09	<0,001	0.8	<0.001	<0.001
≥40 years
Before Ramadan	2301 [1894; 2773]	75 [56; 91]	324 [245; 393]	17 [13, 21]	84 [61; 99]	30 [22; 38]	3741 [2529; 4980]	475 [373; 638]
During Ramadan	2419 [2024; 2680]	68 [61; 75]	360 [302; 423]	18 [14, 21]	72 [59; 89]	28 [22; 38]	3989[2963; 5210]	531 [452; 690]
	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.2	<0.001	0.4	<0.001	<0.001

Values are expressed as median and quartile; ^∗∗test of Wilcoxon (the mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level); TEI = total energy intake; SFA = saturated fatty acid.