Disease Treatment No. of patients Study design Dosage/duration Outcomes References Erectile dysfunction (i) PJ 61 Double‐blind, RCT 8 ounces daily/two 4-week treatment periods separated by a 2-week washout Improvement of GAQ scores. [36 ] Idiopathic central precocious puberty (i) Pomegranate extract juice + GnRH analog 225 Double‐blind, RCT 100 ml daily/3 months Improvement of bone age, growth velocity and height standard deviation score. [37 ] Males with poor semen quality (i) Tablets containing extract of pomegranate fruit and freeze-dried rhizome of greater galangal 66 Double‐blind, RCT 4 tablets with extract of P. granatum and 4 tablets with A. galanga daily/3 months Increase in the total number of motile spermatozoa in plant extracts versus placebo ( [38 ] Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (i) PJ 65 Un-blinded, RCT 250 ml daily/12 weeks Increase in TAC in the pomegranate group ( [39 ] Gynecology and obstetrics Obese premenopausal women with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (i) Xanthigen™ (brown marine algae fucoxanthin + PSO) 151 Double‐blind, RCT TDS/16 weeks Reduction of weight, body, and liver fat content, and improvement of LFT in non-diabetic obese women. [40 ] Heavy menstrual bleeding of endometrial origin (i) PG 76 Double‐blind, RCT 500 mg PG every 6 h or 500 mg of TA/5 consecutive days from the first day of menses for 3 cycles Reduction in the duration of bleeding and improvement of QoL and hematological assessments. [41 ] Uterine leiomyoma-related menorrhagia PG 19 Pilot study (before/after style) 5 ml syrup TDS for 7 days starting from the onset of heavy bleeding/3 consecutive menstrual periods Reduction of uterine fibroid size and leiomyoma bleeding and improvement of the QoL. [42 ] Polycystic ovarian syndrome (i) SPJ, PJ, and SB 92 Triple-blinded, RCT 2 L weekly/8 weeks Improvement of insulin resistance, insulin, testosterone level, BMI, weight, and waist circumference in PCOS. [43 ] Polycystic ovarian syndrome (i) SPJ, PJ, and SB 92 Triple-blinded, RCT 300 ml daily/8 weeks Improvement of metabolic, oxidative, inflammatory, and BP consequences in PCOS. [44 ] Vasomotor symptoms of menopause (1) Black cohosh 351 Double‐blind, RCT Four capsules daily/one year Black cohosh alone or in combination with multibotanical product had little effect on alleviation of vasomotor symptoms. [45 ] Menopausal symptoms (i) Pomegranate seed oil 81 Double‐blind, RCT Two capsules daily/12 weeks PGS in postmenopausal women could not show reduction in hot flashes during a 12-week period. [46 ] Rheumatic disorders Rheumatoid arthritis POMx 6 Pilot study (open-labeled) 10 ml daily/12 weeks Reduction of DAS28 in RA patients due to its antioxidant effects. [47 ] (i) POMx 55 Double‐blind, RCT 2 capsules of 250 mg POMx or cellulose/8 weeks Improvement of disease activity and some blood biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress in RA patients. [48 ] Knee osteoarthritis (i) PJ 38 Parallel-RCT 200 ml daily/6 weeks Improvement of physical function and stiffness and antioxidant properties in patients with knee OA. [49 ] (i) Pomegranate peel, hydro alcoholic extract along with standard treatment 60 Double‐blind, RCT 500 mg twice daily/8 weeks Reduction of pain and improvement of symptoms in women with knee OA. [50 ] Renal disorders Nephrolithiasis Pomegranate polyphenol extract 30 Pilot study 1000 mg daily/90 days An increase in PON1 activity in RSFs with a trend toward reducing in SSCaOx. [51 ] Hemodialysis (i) PJ 101 Double‐blind, RCT 100 ml three times a week/one year Improvement of clinical outcomes, cardiovascular risk factors, innate immunity and reduced incidence of hospitalization due to infections. [52 ] (i) PJ 27 Double‐blind, RCT 100 ml single-dose during the first hour of a dialysis session Improvement of oxidative stress and inflammation induced by IV iron during dialysis. [53 ] (i) PJ 101 Double‐blind, RCT 100 ml three times a week/one year Reduction of systolic blood pressure and improved lipid profile. [54 ] (i) PJ 24 Open-label, cross-over clinical trial 100 ml of juice before each dialysis or 1,050 mg of extract daily/12 weeks No effect on inflammation or oxidative stress markers, lipid profile and blood pressure. [55 ] (i) POMx 33 Double‐blind, RCT 1000 mg capsule 7 days/week/6 months Reduction of blood pressure and improvement of antioxidant activity, but had no effect on other markers of cardiovascular risk, physical function, or muscle strength. [56 ] (i) PJ 41 Randomized cross-over trial 100 ml after dialysis session three times a week/8 weeks Improvement of lipid profile, blood pressure, oxidative stress, and inflammation. [57 ]
