Moderate and Severe Level of Food Insecurity Is Associated with High Calorie-Dense Food Consumption of Filipino Households

Table 7

Distribution of household’s total energy and nutrient intakes by the food insecurity level.

Nutrients		All	Food security				value^ψ
			Secure	Mild	Moderate	Severe
Total energy (kcal)	Mean	7607.2	7383.4	7664.7	7784.7	7641.3	0.001^b
	Standard deviation	4093.0	4182.2	3955.9	3977.4	4194.2
	25th percentile	4744.5	4485.5	4891.1	5040.4	4707.6
	Median	6994.8	6638.0	7077.0	7224.2	7021.1
	95th percentile	15181.7	15352.4	14993.0	15151.0	15219.3
Total carbohydrates (g)	Mean	1340.4	1220.5	1338.6	1407.9	1418.8	<0.001^abcde
	Standard deviation	750.3	721.3	716.4	743.1	798.6
	25th percentile	806.7	708.0	832.2	892.3	835.2
	Median	1213.5	1079.2	1217.1	1286.0	1304.1
	95th percentile	2732.8	2607.9	2605.9	2769.9	2928.0
Total protein (g)	Mean	228.2	238.0	234.1	224.8	215.3	<0.001^bce
	Standard deviation	129.8	140.8	134.1	119.1	124.5
	25th percentile	138.3	140.4	138.9	142.6	129.1
	Median	204.7	211.1	207.1	203.9	196.9
	95th percentile	471.4	509.4	485.9	453.9	442.1
Total fat (g)	Mean	145.6	168.4	152.8	137.4	119.8	<0.001^abcdef
	Standard deviation	130.6	140.0	129.9	126.4	116.1
	25th percentile	55.8	71.2	64.0	52.3	43.3
	Median	108.5	130.8	122.1	100.7	85.7
	95th percentile	397.9	437.7	395.4	384.3	342.9
Calcium (g)	Mean	38.5	38.9	39.3	38.8	37.1	0.011^ce
	Standard deviation	23.1	24.4	22.6	22.5	22.3
	25th percentile	22.7	21.9	23.7	23.8	21.5
	Median	34.2	34.2	35.1	34.8	33.3
	95th percentile	82.1	84.8	83.9	81.1	78.4
Iron (mg)	Mean	1649.9	1627.8	1710.2	1659.1	1633.1	0.223^NS
	Standard deviation	1261.2	1262.1	1354.9	1191.5	1301.6
	25th percentile	878.6	848.7	912.0	908.5	855.1
	Median	1341.7	1313.7	1373.8	1376.5	1323.9
	95th percentile	3904.4	3917.2	4061.3	3803.0	3866.3
Vitamin A (µg)	Mean	1649.5	1930.2	1699.4	1536.0	1373.2	<0.001^bce
	Standard deviation	2779.4	3262.5	2840.7	2427.0	2392.1
	25th percentile	519.8	584.9	576.5	526.1	420.6
	Median	984.3	1073.1	1040.8	977.6	833.7
	95th percentile	4474.1	6182.7	4838.4	4102.4	3566.3
Thiamin (mg)	Mean	3.4	3.5	3.4	3.3	3.2	<0.001^c
	Standard deviation	2.4	2.6	2.4	2.4	2.3
	25th percentile	1.8	1.7	1.9	1.8	1.7
	Median	2.8	2.8	2.9	2.8	2.7
	95th percentile	7.9	8.5	8.1	7.4	7.3
Riboflavin (mg)	Mean	2.8	3.0	2.9	2.7	2.6	<0.001^bcde
	Standard deviation	2.0	2.1	2.0	1.8	1.9
	25th percentile	1.5	1.6	1.6	1.6	1.4
	Median	2.4	2.5	2.5	2.3	2.2
	95th percentile	6.5	7.3	6.6	5.9	5.7
Niacin (mg)	Mean	75.8	78.4	76.8	74.9	73.0	<0.001^bc
	Standard deviation	45.8	49.1	45.9	43.0	44.5
	25th percentile	43.9	44.9	44.5	44.7	41.6
	Median	67.1	68.0	67.2	67.6	65.0
	95th percentile	160.5	171.2	158.5	155.4	155.1
Vitamin C (mg)	Mean	182.1	180.2	179.6	186.2	180.2	0.611^NS
	Standard deviation	209.3	197.4	201.6	213.9	223.6
	25th percentile	41.9	46.3	47.2	42.6	32.1
	Median	121.5	122.8	121.6	125.2	112.2
	95th percentile	587.0	562.0	559.8	616.9	613.9

^ψOne-way analysis of variance with multiple comparison using Bonferroni adjustment, α = 0.05, significant; ^NSnot significant. ^aComparing food secure to mild food insecure household, ^bcomparing food secure to moderate food insecure household, ^ccomparing food secure to severely food insecure household, ^dcomparing mild food insecure to moderate food insecure household, ^ecomparing mild food insecure to severely food insecure household, and ^fcomparing moderate food insecure to severely food insecure household.