Fast-Food Dietary Pattern Is Linked to Higher Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Older Canadian Adults

Table 1

Prevalence (weighted estimate) of metabolic syndrome across sociodemographic and lifestyle factors of Canadians aged 12 to 79 years, Canadian Health Measures Survey combined Cycles 1 and 2, 2007–2011.

	Metabolic syndrome, estimated prevalence % (SE)	95% CI	value^a
Age (years)
12–19^b	2.4 (0.8)^c	0.7–4.1	—
20–49	11.5 (1.3)	8.8–14.1	0.002
50–79	30.1 (2.2)	25.7–34.6	<0.001
Sex
Males	18.1 (1.4)	15.2–21	0.288
Females^b	15.8 (1.7)	12.3–19.3	—
Income
Lowest	14.5 (3.4)^c	7.5–21.6	1.000
Lower middle	25.8 (3.3)	19.1–32.6	0.031
Upper middle	17.3 (1.7)	13.9–20.8	0.519
Highest^b	14.1 (1.6)	10.7–17.5	—
Education^e
<Secondary	36.2 (7.1)^c	21.5–51.0	0.014
Secondary grad.	22.7 (3.4)	15.6–30.0	0.075
Some postsecondary	12.2 (2.9) ^c	6.3–18.1	0.952
Postsecondary grad.^b	14.2 (1.1)	12.0–16.4	—
Alcohol
Ever	d	12.5–25.0	0.471
Never^b	16.5 (1.2)	14.0–19.0	—
Physical activity
Active^b	9.3 (1.1)	7.0–11.5	—
Moderately active	18.7 (2.2)	14.2–23.3	0.002
Inactive	19.8 (1.8)	16.2–23.5	<0.001
Smoking
Current	18.6 (2.6)	13.2–24.0	0.131
Former	24.0 (2.2)	19.5–28.6	0.002
Never^b	13.1 (1.4)	10.2–15.9	—
Family doctor
Yes	18.2 (1.3)	15.6–20.9	0.022
No^b	11.0 (2.1) ^c	6.5–15.4	—

Table sample includes n = 4,272 (males = 49.6%), representative of 26,038,108 Canadians aged 12 to 79 years. CI: confidence interval, SE: standard error. aBinary logistic regression,  = 0.05 significant level. bReference level. cCoefficient of variation 16.6% to 33.3%, recommended to be used with caution.dCoefficient of variation >33.3%, unreliable for publishing based on Statistics Canada’s recommendation. eTotal household income; lowest income < $15,000 if 1/2 people or <$30,000 if more than 4 people in the household. The lower-middle income level included those having a total income of $15,000–$29,999 if 1/2 people; $20,000–153 $39,999 if 3/4 people; and $30,000–$59,999 if more than four people were living in the household. The upper-middle category indicated an income of $30,00–$59,999 if 1/2 people; $40,000–$79,999 if 3/4 people; and $60,000–$79,999 if there were more than four in the household. The highest-level income included those with an income of $60,000 or more if 1/2 people and an income of $80,000 if more than two people were living in the household [14].