Association between Maternal Dietary Diversity and Low Birth Weight in Central India: A Case-Control Study
Table 1
Sociodemographic characteristics, maternal dietary diversity, and antenatal history of mothers with and without low birth weight child.
Variables
Mothers with a low birth weight child (n = 157) N (%)
Mothers without a low birth weight child (n = 214) N (%)
Age (years) of mother at the time of the interview, mean (±SD)
25.1 (±3.7)
25.0 (±3.4)
Missing (n)
3
1
Early marriage
Yes
32 (21.0)
39 (19.0)
No
121 (79.0)
165 (81.0)
Missing (n)
4
10
Education status
Illiterate or educated up to primary level
73 (47.1)
112 (53.1)
Upper primary
53 (34.2)
52 (24.6)
Secondary and above
29 (18.7)
47 (22.3)
Missing (n)
2
3
Religion
Hindus
151 (96.2)
208 (97.7)
Muslims
6 (3.8)
5 (2.3)
Missing (n)
0
1
Caste
Scheduled caste/tribe
48 (31.2)
47 (22.4)
Other special classes
106 (68.8)
163 (77.6)
Missing (n)
3
4
Socioeconomic status
Above the poverty line
111 (74.0)
56 (69.3)
Below the poverty line
39 (26.0)
62 (30.7)
Missing (n)
7
12
Monthly income (INR), median (interquartile range)
5000 (3000–8000)
5000 (3000–8000)
Missing (n)
10
9
Maternal dietary diversity⁑
Mean (±SD)
2.2 (±1.3)
2.7 (±1.7)
Place of delivery
Government hospital
145 (94.8)
195 (91.5)
Private hospital
6 (3.9)
18 (8.5)
Home
2 (1.3)
0
Missing
4
1
Weight gain during pregnancy⁑ (kg), mean (±SD)
6.6 (±2.4)
7.5 (±2.7)
Missing
10
16
Any financial aid from the government
Yes
97 (61.8)
135 (63.7)
No
60 (38.2)
77 (36.7)
Missing
0
2
Registered pregnancy
Yes
144 (92.9)
203 (94.9)
No
11 (7.1)
11 (5.1)
Missing
2
0
Antenatal care by skilled birth attendant
Yes
67 (45.9)
75 (36.9)
No
79 (54.1)
128 (63.1)
Missing
11
11
Number of ANC visits§
<4 visits
81 (56.3)
83 (42.6)
4 or more
63 (43.8)
112 (57.4)
Missing
13
19
Number of IFA tablets§ consumed
Median (IQR)
60 (30–100)
90 (30–180)
Missing
30
39
Number of calcium tablets§ consumed
Median (IQR)
30 (12–85)
45 (25–92)
Missing
77
92
ANC: antenatal care; INR: Indian Rupees; IFA: iron folic acid tablets; IQR: interquartile range; SD: standard deviation. ⁑Association significant at .§Association significant at .
