Association between Maternal Dietary Diversity and Low Birth Weight in Central India: A Case-Control Study

Table 2

Logistic regression analysis showing stepwise regression for low birth weight with respect to selected background characteristics in Madhya Pradesh, India.

Variables	Mothers with a low birth weight child^§
	Unadjusted ß (95% CI), value	Adjusted model I. ß (95% CI), value	Adjusted model II. ß (95% CI), value
Maternal dietary diversity	0.81 (0.69–0.94)^∗∗	0.74 (0.61–0.88)^∗∗∗	0.79 (0.65–0.96)^∗
Early marriage
Yes	1.12 (0.66–1.88)	1.12 (0.62–2.01)	0.88 (0.44–1.75)
No	Reference	Reference	Reference
Education status
Illiterate or educated up to primary level	1.05 (0.61–1.83)	0.81 (0.43–1.50)	0.80 (0.40–1.57)
Upper primary	1.65 (0.90–3.01)	1.54 (0.79–3.00)	1.57 (0.75–3.27)
Secondary and above	Reference	Reference	Reference
Caste
Scheduled caste/tribe	1.57 (0.98–2.51)	1.71 (1.01–2.91)^∗	1.83 (1.02–3.27)^∗
Other special classes	Reference	Reference	Reference
Socioeconomic status
Above the poverty line	1.26 (0.78–2.02)	1.76 (1.03–3.02)^∗	1.58 (0.88–2.84)
Below the poverty line	Reference	Reference	Reference
Age (years)	1.00 (0.95–1.06)	1.01 (0.94–1.07)	1.01 (0.93–1.09)
Weight gain during pregnancy (grams)	0.88 (0.81–0.96)^∗∗	—	0.93 (0.84–1.03)
Any financial aid from the government		—
Yes	0.92 (0.60–1.41)		0.97 (0.55–1.70)
No	Reference		Reference
Antenatal care by skilled attendant		—
Yes	1.44 (0.94–2.23)		0.93 (0.55–1.58)
No	Reference		Reference
Number of ANC visits		—
Less than 4 visits	1.73 (1.12–2.68)^∗		1.67 (0.98–2.87)
≥4 visits	Reference		Reference

ANC: antenatal care; CI: confidence interval; LBW: low birth weight; Β is the odds ratio. ^§Mothers without a low birth weight child were the reference category. ^∗Significant at . ^∗∗Significant at . ^∗∗∗Significant at . Adjusted model 1: sociodemographic characteristics; adjusted model II: model I + antenatal care practices.