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| | Author | Year | Study population | Sample size | Intervention of group 1 | Intervention of group 2 | Follow-up period | Efficacy of the diet | Adverse events |
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| 1 | Bergqvist et al. | 2005 | Intractable epilepsy (1–14 years’ age group) | Group1: n = 24
Group 2: n = 24 | Fasting initiation of KD | Nonfasting gradual initiation of KD (ketogenic ratio from 1 : 1 to 4 : 1) | 3 months | No significant difference | Less weight loss, fewer and less severe episodes of hypoglycaemia, and fewer treatments for acidosis and dehydration in group 2 |
| 2 | Seo et al. | 2007 | Intractable childhood epilepsy | Group 1: n = 22
Group 2: n = 36 | Diet with nonlipid : lipid ratio 4 : 1 | Diet with nonlipid : lipid ratio 3 : 1 | 3 months | Higher in the 4 : 1 diet group | Less gastrointestinal symptoms in group 2 |
| 3 | Neal et al. | 2009 | Childhood intractable epilepsy | Group 1: n = 61
Group 2: n = 64 | Classic diet | Medium-chain triglyceride diet | 12 months | No significant difference | Equivalent except increased reports of lack of energy and vomiting in group 1 |
| 4 | Kang et al. | 2011 | Refractory infantile spasms | Group 1: n = 16
Group 2: n = 19 | Short-term (8 months) KD | Long-term (>2 years) KD | More than 2 years | No significant difference | No growth disturbance and osteopenia in group 1 |
| 5 | Raju et al. | 2011 | Childhood refractor epilepsy (6 months–5 years) | Group 1: n = 19
Group 2: n = 19 | Diet with nonlipid : lipid ratio 4 : 1 | Diet with nonlipid : lipid ratio 2.5 : 1 | 3 months | No significant difference | Less constipation, weight loss, and hospitalization for lower respiratory tract infections in group 2 |
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