Effects of Lemon Beverage Containing Citric Acid with Calcium Supplementation on Bone Metabolism and Mineral Density in Postmenopausal Women: Double-Blind 11-Month Intervention Study

Table 2

Subject physical characteristics.

	Subject groups			Total (n = 79)	value
	Control (n = 23)	LE (n = 28)	LECA (n = 28)
Age, years	63.9 (7.1)	64.9 (5.8)	65.2 (5.2)	64.7 (6.0)	0.676
Years after menopause	13.0 (6.9)	15.1 (9.2)	16.4 (7.6)	14.9 (8.1)	0.258
Height, cm	154.3 (5.4)	154.5 (4.6)	152.8 (5.6)	153.9 (5.2)	0.559
Baseline weight, kg	50.8 (10.1)	53.4 (8.5)	52.3 (7.2)	52.3 (8.5)	0.255
Baseline BMI, kg/m^2	21.6 (3.5)	22.2 (3.5)	22.4 (2.8)	22.1 (3.2)	0.534

Values are shown as the mean (SD). value is a result obtained by one-way analysis of variance. There were no significant differences for any of these variables among the three subject groups. The LE group received a nonsupplemented lemon beverage containing citric acid. The LECA group received a lemon beverage containing citric acid supplemented with Ca. BMI: body mass index. SD: standard deviation.