Lipoprotein Levels in Early Adulthood and NAFLD in Midlife: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Table 1
Baseline characteristics by apolipoprotein B tertiles.
Low (n = 883)
Middle (n = 885)
High (n = 897)
value†
Age, y
24.6 (3.8)
25.1 (3.5)
25.4 (3.5)
<0.0001
Women, %
544 (61.6)
528 (59.7)
502 (56.0)
0.05
Black race, %
421 (47.7)
430 (48.6)
444 (49.5)
0.75
Education, years
14.1 (2.2)
14.1 (2.2)
14.0 (2.2)
1.00
Waist circumference, cm
74.9 (10.0)
76.6 (10.1)
80.4 (12.0)
<0.0001
BMI, kg/m2
23.5 (4.5)
24.4 (4.6)
25.5 (5.2)
<0.0001
Obesity (BMI>30), %
64 (7.3)
83 (9.4)
149 (16.6)
<.0001
Current smoking, %
205 (23.4)
189 (21.4)
217 (24.4)
0.32
Alcohol drinker, %
489 (55.6)
508 (57.5)
508 (57.0)
0.72
Physical activity, exercise unit‡
419.2 (298.8)
403.2 (290.5)
390.6 (287.6)
0.12
Systolic BP, mmHg
108.7 (10.2)
109.5 (10.0)
111.0 (11.2)
<0.0001
Diastolic BP, mmHg
67.7 (9.1)
68.4 (9.2)
68.8 (9.6)
0.05
Hypertension, %
21 (2.4)
29 (3.3)
43 (4.8)
0.02
Fasting glucose, mg/dL
81.2 (8.8)
81.3 (11.1)
82.9 (12.2)
0.001
Diabetes§, %
2 (0.2)
3 (0.3)
5 (0.6)
0.51
Lipid-lowering medication, %
0
0
0
N/A
Lipids, mg/dL
LDL-C
82.9 (18.1)
109.0 (17.0)
138.6 (26.1)
<0.0001
NHDL-C
94.0 (19.1)
122.1 (17.5)
156.2 (27.2)
<0.0001
HDL-C
55.5 (12.3)
53.6 (12.4)
49.5 (11.7)
<0.0001
Triglycerides
55.0 (26.2)
65.7 (32.7)
88.2 (47.9)
<0.0001
ApoB
66.3 (9.6)
88.0 (5.7)
117.2 (17.5)
<0.0001
Total cholesterol
149.4 (21.1)
175.7 (20.2)
205.6 (28.5)
<0.0001
Values are in mean (SD) or number (%). The tertile ranges are low (22 to 78 mg/dL), middle (79 to 98 mg/dL), and high (99 to 292 mg/dL). †The value for the test of difference across tertiles of apolipoprotein B (apoB) was determined using the chi-square test (categorical variables), analysis of variance (continuous variables) or Kruskal–Wallis test (nonparametric comparisons). ‡Physical activity was assessed using a standard instrument; energy expenditure for moderate and vigorous activities was calculated in exercise units. §Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or use of antidiabetic medication.
