Lipoprotein Levels in Early Adulthood and NAFLD in Midlife: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Table 2
Baseline characteristics of NAFLD-eligible participants by concordance/discordance groups based on medians of ApoB/TG levels [the CARDIA study (1985–1986)].
ApoB/TG (y0)
Concordance/Discordance groups
value
Low/Low
Low/High
High/Low
High/High
N (%)
861 (32.3)
465 (17.4)
480 (18.0)
859 (32.2)
Age, y
24.9 (3.7)
24.6 (3.7)
25.1 (3.6)
25.4 (3.5)
0.003
Women, %
554 (64.3)
256 (55.1)
309 (64.4)
455 (53.0)
<0.0001
Black race, %
447 (51.9)
180 (38.7)
278 (57.9)
390 (45.4)
<0.0001
Education, years
14.1 (2.3)
14.1 (2.1)
13.9 (2.1)
14.1 (2.3)
0.44
Waist circumference, cm
74.0 (9.1)
77.7 (11.2)
76.1 (9.5)
81.1 (12.1)
<0.0001
BMI, kg/m2
23.3 (4.3)
24.5 (5.0)
24.3 (4.5)
25.7 (5.3)
<0.0001
Obesity (BMI>30), %
57 (6.6)
51 (11.0)
44 (9.2)
144 (16.8)
<0.0001
Current smoking, %
187 (21.8)
107 (23.2)
103 (21.5)
214 (25.1)
0.32
Alcohol drinker, %
455 (53.0)
290 (62.5)
259 (54.1)
501 (58.7)
0.003
Physical activity, exercise unit†
412.8 (291.9)
425.4 (299.8)
387.0 (291.1)
393.9 (289.1)
0.12
Systolic BP, mmHg
108.0 (9.9)
110.4 (10.2)
108.9 (10.6)
111.6 (11.0)
<0.0001
Diastolic BP, mmHg
67.3 (8.6)
68.6 (9.8)
67.8 (9.3)
69.5 (9.7)
<0.0001
Hypertension, %
12 (1.4)
19 (4.1)
15 (3.1)
47 (5.5)
<0.0001
Fasting glucose, mg/dL
80.8 (9.6)
81.9 (8.3)
80.9 (12.0)
83.3 (12.3)
<0.0001
Diabetes‡, %
3 (0.4)
0
3 (0.6)
4 (0.5)
0.43
Lipid-lowering medication, %
0
0
0
0
N/A
Lipids, mg/dL
LDL-C
89.6 (19.7)
90.2 (19.7)
126.9 (23.1)
132.6 (27.5)
<0.0001
NHDL-C
98.2 (19.9)
107.1 (20.7)
136.3 (23.3)
152.9 (28.4)
<0.0001
HDL-C
57.3 (12.0)
50.7 (11.7)
55.3 (11.8)
48.1 (11.5)
<0.0001
Triglycerides
42.8 (9.8)
84.7 (28.9)
47.3 (8.6)
101.2 (45.6)
<0.0001
ApoB
71.1 (11.2)
73.4 (11.2)
103.7 (16.8)
112.2 (18.6)
<0.0001
Total cholesterol
155.5 (22.4)
157.8 (22.2)
191.7 (26.0)
201.0 (29.4)
<0.0001
Values shown are in mean (SD) or number (%). The median was 88.0 mg/dL for ApoB and 60.0 mg/dL for TG. Overall P values for comparison across groups were determined using analysis of variance for continuous variables, χ2 test for categorical variables, or Kruskal–Wallis test for nonparametric variables. †Physical activity was assessed using a standard instrument; energy expenditure for moderate and vigorous activities was calculated in exercise units. ‡Diabetes was defined as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dL or use of antidiabetic medication.
