Research Article
Knowledge, Consumption Pattern, and Adverse Effects of Energy Drinks among Asian Population: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from Malaysia
Table 1
Sociodemographic characteristics of participants (N = 515).
| | Characteristics | Number of subjects (%) |
| | Gender | | Male | 214 (41.6) | | Female | 301 (58.4) | | Age group (mean ± SD) | 24.48 ± 7.255 | | 15–18 Years | 65 (12.6) | | 19–25 Years | 334 (64.9) | | 26–40 Years | 93 (18.1) | | ≥41 Years | 23 (4.5) | | Race/Ethnicity | | Malay | 113 (21.9) | | Chinese | 311 (60.4) | | Indian | 72 (14.0) | | Other | 19 (3.7) | | Type of resident | | Urban | 443 (86.0) | | Rural | 72 (14.0) | | Education level | | Uneducated | 2 (0.4) | | Primary education | 0 | | Secondary education | 102 (19.8) | | Tertiary education | 411 (79.8) | | Employment status | | Employed | 154 (29.9) | | Unemployed | 27 (5.2) | | Student | 331 (64.3) | | Retired | 3 (0.6) | | Sleeps regularly | | Yes | 333 (64.7) | | No | 182 (35.3) | | Cigarette smoking | | Yes | 49 (9.5) | | No | 466 (90.5) | | Coffee intake | | Yes | 252 (48.9) | | No | 263 (51.1) | | Alcohol intake | | Yes | 96 (18.6) | | No | 419 (81.4) | | Body mass index (BMI) | | Underweight (BMI <18.5) | 65 (12.6) | | Normal (BMI 18.5 to 24.9) | 365 (70.9) | | Overweight (BMI 25 to 29.9) | 76 (14.8) | | Obese (BMI ≥30) | 9 (1.7) | | Source of information on energy drinks | | Health care professional (e.g. Pharmacist, doctor) | 67 (13%) | | Others (family members/relatives, Friends, Social media/advertisement) | 448 (87%) |
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Participants were allowed to choose more than one option. |
