Caffeine Consumption among Various University Students in the UAE, Exploring the Frequencies, Different Sources and Reporting Adverse Effects and Withdrawal Symptoms
Table 4
Caffeine side effects and withdrawal symptoms.
Parameter
N (%)
At what age did you start consuming caffeine? (Years)
-value
8 to 12
13 to 17
Over 18
Under 8
Withdrawal symptoms
Headaches
175 (37.47)
22 (12.57)
81 (46.28)
61 (34.85)
11 (6.28)
0.359
Nausea
42 (8.99)
13 (30.95)
13 (30.95)
12 (28.57)
4 (9.52)
0.074
Muscle pain
37 (7.92)
14 (37.83)
9 (24.32)
10 (27.02)
4 (10.81)
0.003
Drowsiness
127 (27.19)
15 (11.81)
62 (48.81)
42 (33.07)
7 (5.51)
0.185
Fatigue
61 (13.06)
4 (6.55)
43 (47.77)
24 (39.34)
6 (9.83)
Irritability/Poor mood
90 (21.41)
17 (18.88)
19 (28.78)
23 (25.55)
7 (7.77)
0.677
Side effects
Shaky
66 (14.13)
15 (22.72)
26 (41.93)
24 (36.36)
8 (12.12)
0.040
Tense
62 (13.27)
15 (24.19)
61 (48.41)
17 (27.41)
4 (6.45)
0.512
Rapid heartbeat
126 (26.98)
19 (15.07)
20 (4.28)
38 (30.15)
8 (6.34)
0.864
Anxious
61 (13.07)
14 (22.95)
9 (20.45)
22 (36.06)
5 (3.27)
0.310
Trouble concentrating
44 (9.42)
11 (25.00)
23 (43.39)
17 (38.63)
7 (15.90)
0.004
Restless
53 (11.34)
8 (15.09)
48 (41.02)
18 (33.96)
4 (7.54)
0.985
Difficulty falling asleep
117 (25.05)
14 (11.96)
44 (37.60)
11 (9.40)
0.202
Bold indicates a significant result. Findings are listed as numbers. Chi-square or fisher exact.
