Plasma Adiponectin and Its Correlation with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Obesity and in Type 2 Diabetes and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Table 1

Demographic and laboratory data of the patients and control subjects.

Variable	Group I; O+/NAFLD+/DM+; (n = 50); mean ± SD	Group II; O-/NAFLD+/DM+; (n = 50); mean ± SD	Group III; O+/NAFLD+/DM-; (n = 50); mean ± SD	Group IV; control (n = 50); mean ± SD	value ANOVA	III	IIII	IIV	IIIII	IIIV	IIIIV
Age (years)	54.3 ± 8.5	53.3 ± 8.4	46.7 ± 5.8	51.7 ± 9.5	<0.001	0.624	<0.001	0.084	<0.001	0.228	0.013
Diabetes duration (years)	11.3 ± 5.8	10.2 ± 5.8			0.253
BMI (kg/m^2)	35 ± 4	23.8 ± 1.2	37.1 ± 6.6	23.3 ± 1.4	<0.001	<0.001	0.266	<0.001	<0.001	0.101	<0.001
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	192.4 ± 61.1	197.1 ± 69.5	94.5 ± 10.7	84.1 ± 5.7	<0.001	0.882	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
2HPPG (mg/dL)	256.8 ± 77.2	266 ± 87.8	131.4 ± 19.1	120 ± 10.4	<0.001	0.825	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.005
HbA1c %	7.7 ± 1.2	7.5 ± 1	5.7 ± 0.5	4.6 ± 0.6	<0.001	0.679	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
ALT (IU/L)	27.3 ± 15.7	27.5 ± 12.3	31.2 ± 19.2	22 ± 5.7	0.055	0.419	0.249	0.152	0.761	0.162	0.078
AST (IU/L)	26.3 ± 13	26.4 ± 8.7	31.1 ± 18	22.1 ± 5.3	0.019	0.348	0.075	0.242	0.317	0.035	0.003
GGT (U/L)	43.1 ± 25.1	41.5 ± 16.5	42.4 ± 19.1	38.8 ± 11.6	0.781	0.669	0.452	0.970	0.725	0.576	0.320
ALP (U/L)	132.2 ± 52.2	114.2 ± 43	115.9 ± 42.8	91.5 ± 29.7	<0.001	0.040	0.078	<0.001	0.785	0.003	0.001
ALB (mg/dL)	3.7 ± 0.5	3.6 ± 0.5	3.8 ± 0.3	4.1 ± 0.4	<0.001	0.531	0.073	<0.001	0.001	<0.001	<0.001
TP (mg/dL)	7.3 ± 0.4	7.2 ± 0.3	7.2 ± 0.3	7.2 ± 0.4	0.705	0.718	0.632	0.656	0.947	0.245	0.332
BIL T (mg/dL)	0.53 ± 0.21	0.52 ± 0.18	0.58 ± 0.2	0.46 ± 0.15	0.032	0.881	0.194	0.116	0.257	0.052	0.004
BIL D (mg/dL)	0.08 ± 0.08	0.07 ± 0.07	0.07 ± 0.06	0.04 ± 0.05	0.018	0.287	0.264	0.002	0.988	0.057	0.037
UREA (mg/dL)	27.6 ± 11.9	24.5 ± 8.1	24 ± 6.2	25.7 ± 9.1	0.587	0.270	0.253	0.663	0.937	0.435	0.472
Creatinine (mg/dL)	0.83 ± 0.28	0.78 ± 0.18	0.78 ± 0.16	0.75 ± 0.14	0.850	0.692	0.900	0.470	0.704	0.639	0.459
NA (m·mol/L)	139.3 ± 3.2	137.2 ± 2.9	138.1 ± 2.9	136.4 ± 2.9	<0.001	0.001	0.042	<0.001	0.174	0.087	0.002
K (m·mol/L)	4.2 ± 0.5	4.1 ± 0.4	4.1 ± 0.4	4.2 ± 0.5	0.740	0.328	0.474	0.841	0.787	0.388	0.675
UA (mg/dL)	5 ± 1.2	4.6 ± 1.1	5.7 ± 1.2	4.2 ± 0.6	<0.001	0.024	0.005	<0.001	<0.001	0.129	<0.001
Albumin/creatinine ratio	275 ± 295.7	214.4 ± 227.7	62 ± 50.5	21.9 ± 14.2	<0.001	0.244	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	198.3 ± 45.5	173.6 ± 29.3	188.7 ± 33.8	155 ± 19.6	<0.001	0.001	0.260	<0.001	0.022	0.004	<0.001
TG (mg/dL)	192.4 ± 121.7	134.5 ± 81.8	149.9 ± 76.7	101.2 ± 21.9	<0.001	0.003	0.079	<0.001	0.161	0.255	0.001
LDL (mg/dL)	118.7 ± 38.3	103.9 ± 30.9	111.7 ± 35.4	91 ± 15.1	<0.001	0.035	0.370	<0.001	0.252	0.043	<0.001
HDL (mg/dL)	48.6 ± 15.5	49.8 ± 11.4	48.6 ± 10.9	46.1 ± 7.7	0.188	0.357	0.733	0.437	0.477	0.126	0.132
Plasma adiponectin (µg/dL)	15.2 ± 3.1	26.3 ± 12.1	37.6 ± 20.5	47 ± 11.5	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.003	<0.001	0.020
CIMT (mm)	0.12 ± 0.03	0.11 ± 0.03	0.1 ± 0.02	0.07 ± 0.01	<0.001	0.008	<0.001	<0.001	0.094	<0.001	<0.001

The results are expressed as mean and standard deviation. O+/DM-/NAFLD+, obese patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD; O-/DM+/NAFLD+, nonobese patients with type 2 diabetes and NAFLD; O+/DM-/NAFLD+, obese nondiabetic patients with NAFLD; DM, diabetes mellitus; BMI, body mass index; FBG, fasting blood glucose; PPBG, postprandial blood glucose; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; UAC, urinary albumin creatinine ratio; TG, triglycerides; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; CIMT, carotid intima-media thickness. SD, standard deviation; ANOVA, analysis of variance; is statistically significant.