Evolution of Structural-Phase States in TiNi Surface Layers Synthesized by Electron Beam Treatment

Figure 4

SEM images of the TiNi specimen surface after electron beam irradiation: with 𝐸₁=4 J/cm², 𝑁=20 pulses in backscattered electrons (a), (b) and with 𝐸₂=8 J/cm², 𝑁=50 pulses in secondary electrons (c)–(e).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(e)