Review Article

Application of Iron Oxide Nanomaterials for the Removal of Heavy Metals

Table 1

Various chemical methods for synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles.

Name of method Preparation method Advantage References

Microemulsion Iron salt and base solution are mixed together which disperse in oil phase by adding surfactantDiversity of iron oxide nanoparticles is prepared by varying the nature and concentration surfactant and reaction condition[4547]
Polyols methodIron salt solvent dissolves in the polyols solvent. The suspension is stirred and heats up to boiling point of solvent. Polyols act as reducing as well as stabilizer Control of particle growth and prevention of interparticle aggregation and obtaining well-defined shape and control size of particles [4850]
SonolysisOrganometallic precursors decomposed by sonolysis High magnetization and crystallinity achievement [5153]
Gas-aerosolFerric salts and a reducing agent in organic solvent are sprayed into a series of reactors and aerosol solute condenses and evaporation of solventDifferent size and shape of particles were prepared by using different iron precursors[5456]
Sol-gelHydroxylation and condensation of molecular precursors in solution are known as “sol,” while evaporation of solvent to form three-dimensional network of nanoparticles is called “gel”Control of particles size and stability of particles in sol-gel matrix[57]
Electrochemical decompositionIron oxide nanoparticles produce by oxidation of iron electrode in aqueous solutionParticles size control by adjusting current density[5860]