Use of Magnetic Nanoparticles as Targeted Therapy: Theranostic Approach to Treat and Diagnose Cancer

Table 1

Summary of the commercially available nanosystems as contrast agents for preclinical and clinical trials.

Commercial magnetic nanoparticles	Target regions	Size	Receptor	Biocompatibility and toxicity evaluation	References
Fe3O4-SPIONs	Metastatic hepatocytes	30–34 nm	HepG2	Magnetic resonance hyperthermia for imaging cardiotoxicity	[20, 21]
Polymeric nanoparticles	Osteopontin (OPN) and bone resorption	180–200 nm	Clotted plasma protein	In vitro cytotoxicity	[22]
Liposomes; (Doxorubicin)	Tumor cell surface bound molecules	112 nm	P32	In vivo evaluation of erythrocyte vascularization	[23]
Silicon nanoparticles	Bone osteoblasts	µm	E-selectin	In vitro and in vivo evaluation of bone physiology	[18, 24]
Dendrimers	Albumin protein	141–150 nm	Y1 receptor	Systemic and pulmonary cytotoxicity	[25]
Paclitaxel	Albumin bound proteins (Nab)	130–150 nm	Estrogen receptor (ER)	In vitro cytotoxicity	[26]
Orlistat (Fe3O4-NH-AF)	Micellar cells functionalised with folic acid	100–200 nm	Folate receptor	In vivo evaluation of liver, spleen, and nephrotoxicity	[27]
Anti-miR-10b MNPs	Targeted antisense loaded PLGA-b-PEG polymer nanoparticles	50–100 nm	uPA receptor	In vivo evaluation of liver and kidney and in vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity	[28]
Dextran (Fe3O4)	Liver, lymph nodes, and spleen	20–50 nm	Tumour cell bounded nucleosomes	Polymeric in vivo nanoimaging	[29]