Nanobismuth: Fabrication, Optical, and Plasmonic Properties—Emerging Applications

Figure 3

(a) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of an anodized aluminium oxide (AAO) template. (b) Growth mechanism in the liquid-phase method with an AAO template. (c) Schematic illustration of the electrochemical deposition in the AAO pores to fabricate nanowires. (d) Schematic diagram of the vacuum chamber, including a crucible for growing the nanowires by vapor-phase deposition. (e) SEM image of Bi nanowires in an AAO template. (f) SEM image of Bi nanotubes prepared by electrochemical deposition in an AAO template. Reprinted with permission from [75] Cambridge University Press, [76] American Institute of Physics, and [77] American Physical Society.