A Novel Methodology for Economical Scale-Up of TiO₂ Nanotubes Fabricated on Ti and Ti Alloys

Figure 2

Typical conventional anodisation systems used in material fabrication laboratories. The number and position of electrodes involved, the configuration, and the area of anodising surface; (a) top-bottom with three-electrode configuration, reported by Molchan [34]; (b) left-right with two-electrode configuration, reported by Regonini [33, 84]. The specimen (working electrode) used in both systems is bounded by an O-ring or a rubber gripper, resulting in an anodising surface of approximately 20 mm in diameters.

(a)

(b)