Antagonistic Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Certain Mixtures of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and the Bulk (Al₂O₃, CuO, and SiO₂) on Gill Histology in Clarias gariepinus

Figure 12

(a) Histological section of gill exposed to nano-SiO/Al₂O₃ (1 : 2) showing curved secondary gill lamella (CSGL), epithelial lifting (EPL), and hypertrophy (HPT) (H&E stains, ×400). (b) Histological section of gill exposed to nano-SiO/Al₂O₃/CuO showing total destruction of gill architecture. Blood vessel is seen (H&E stains, ×400).

(a)

(b)