Antagonistic Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Certain Mixtures of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles and the Bulk (Al₂O₃, CuO, and SiO₂) on Gill Histology in Clarias gariepinus

Figure 4

(a) Histological section of gill exposed to nano-Al₂O₃ showing primary gill lamella (PGL), curved secondary gill lamella (CSGL), epithelial hyperplasia (HPS), epithelial lifting (EPL), and blood vessel (BV) (H&E stains, ×400). (b) Histological section of gill exposed to bulk SiO/CuO (1 : 1) showing secondary gill lamella (SGL), hypertrophy (HPT), and epithelial lifting (EPL) (H&E stains, ×400).

(a)

(b)