Plant-Mediated Biosynthesis and Photocatalysis Activities of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A Prospect towards Dyes Mineralization

Table 2

Examples of biosynthesized ZnO NPs and their photodegradation efficiency.

No.	Plant source	Part extracted	Presource of ZnO NPs	Size	Type of ZnO NPs (catalyst)	Light source	Type of dyes	Degradation efficiency % (time)	Reusability	References
1	Coriandrum sativum	Leaf	Zinc acetate	24 nm	ZnO NPs	Direct sun light irradiation	Yellow 186 dye	93.3–130 min	3 runs	[2]
2	Oak	Fruit hull	Zinc acetate dihydrate	34 nm	ZnO NPs	Visible light	Basic violet 3	93–2:30 h	—	[17]
3	Garcinia mangostana	Fruit	Zinc nitrate hexahydrate	21 nm	ZnO NPs	Solar light	Malachite green dye (MG)	99–180 min	—	[20]
4	Mussaenda frondosa	Leaf/stem	Zinc nitrate	5–20 nm	ZnO NPs	UV	MB	80–100 min	—	[33]
								30–100 min
5	Moringa oleifera (drumstick)	Leaves	Zinc acetate dihydrate	52 nm	ZnO NPs	Visible light	Titan yellow dye	96–60 min	—	[39]
6	Sambucus ebulus	Leaf	Zinc acetate dihydrate	17 nm	ZnO NPs	UV	MB	80–200 min	—	[40]
7	Vitex trifolia L	Leaf	Zinc nitrate hexahydrate crystal	28 nm	ZnO NPs	UV	MB	92.13–90 min	—	[41]
8	C. sinensis	Peel	Zinc nitrate	22.6 nm	ZnO NPs	UV	MB	83–120 min	—	[42]
9	Brassica oleracea L. var. italica	Broccoli leaves	Zinc chloride ZnCl2·7H2O	14–17 nm	ZnO NPs	UV	MB/phenol red (PR)	74–180 min	—	[43]
								71–180 min
10	Tabernaemontana divaricata	Green leaf	Zinc nitrate	20–50 nm	ZnO NPs	Sunlight	MB	≈100–90 min	—	[44]
11	Coriandrum sativum	Leaf	Zinc acetate dihydrate	9–18 nm.	ZnO NPs	UV	Anthracene	89–240 min	—	[45]
12	Dolichos lablab L.	Leaf	Zinc acetate dihydrate	29 nm	ZnO NPs	Visible and near-UV	MB/rhodamine B (RhB), orange II (OII)	80–210 min	—	[46]
								95–210 min
								66–210 min
13	Carica papaya	Latex	Zinc nitrate	11–26 nm	ZnO NPs	UV	Alizarin red-S dye	99–120 min	4 runs	[47]
14	Sea buckthorn	Fruit	Zinc nitrate hexahydrate	17.15 nm	ZnO NPs	UV	Malachite green/Congo red/MB/eosin Y	100–70 min	5 runs	[48]
								99–80 min
								99–70 min
								100–90 min
15	Cannabis sativa	Leaf	Zinc acetate	34 nm 38 nm	Ag-ZnO NPs/ZnO NPs	Solar light	Congo red/methyl orange	96–80 min	—	[49]
								38–80 min
								94–80 min
								35–80 min
16	Ferulago angulata	—	Zinc acetate dihydrate	32–36 nm	ZnO NPs	Visible light	Rhodamine B	93–3.5 h	—	[50]
17	Chlorella	—	Zinc nitrate	20 ± 2.2 nm	ZnO NPs	UV	Dibenzothiophene (DBT)	97–3 h	5 runs	[51]
18	Euphorbia prolifera	Leaf	Zinc chloride + ZnO NPs	5–17 nm	Cu/ZnO NPs	UV	MB/Congo red (CR)	100≈ 0 min/≈ 100–9 min	5 runs	[52]
19	Azadirachta indica	Leaves	Zinc nitrate	9–38	ZnO NPs	Sunlight/UV light	MB	92–120/85–120 min	—	[53]
20	Betel	Leaves	ZnO acetate	50 nm	ZnO NPs	Solar/UV	MB	90–210 min	—	[54]
								96–210 min
21	Guava	Leaves	AgNO3	56.1 nm	Ag-ZnO NPs	Solar light	MB	98–60 min	6 runs	[55]