Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of the Remediation Activity of Cissus quadrangularis Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle-Activated Carbon Composite on Dieldrin in Aqueous Solution

Table 1

Secondary metabolites in methanolic and ethanolic extracts of C. quadrangularis leaves.

Phytochemical	Methanolic extract	Ethanolic extract
Cardiac glycosides	−	−
Proteins	++	+
Flavonoids	+	+++
Alkaloids	+	+++
Saponins	++	−
Phenols	+	+++
Tannins	+	+
Carbohydrates	+	−
Terpenes	++	+

Key: +++ = abundant; ++ = moderate; + = least; − = not detected.